93 results about "Film grain" patented technology

Film grain is simulated in an output image using pre-established blocks of film grain from a pool of pre-established blocks. Successive film grain blocks are selected by matching the average intensity of a block from the pool to the average intensity of a successive one of a set of M×N pixels in an incoming image. Once all of the successive pixel blocks from the image are matched to selected film grain blocks, the selected film grain blocks are “mosaiced”, that is composited into a larger image mapped to the incoming image.

A moving picture coding apparatus (100) includes a coding unit (110) that generates a coded stream by coding inputted pictures and a film grain coding unit (130) that codes a representative pattern by selecting film grain components equivalent to at least one macro block and regarding the film grains as a representative pattern. On the other hand, a moving picture decoding apparatus (200) includes a decoding unit (210) that generates decoded picture data by decoding the coded stream and a film grain preparation unit (230) that prepares a superimposition pattern based on the representative pattern and additional information, and a synthesizing unit (240) that synthesizes the decoded picture data with the superimposition pattern.

Simulation of a block of film grain for addition to a block of an image occurs by first establishing at least one parameter at least in part in accordance with an attribute of the image block At least one at least one block of film grain is simulated from at least one film grain pattern generated in accordance with the at least one parameter. In particular, the film grain pattern is generated using a bit accurate technique.

Simulation of film grain in an image can occur by compressing a video image, then transmitting compressed video together with a message containing at least one parameter indicative of the original film grain, to a decoder, and restoring the original grainy appearance of images by having the decoder simulating film grain based on the content of the film grain message. To improve efficiency, one or more parameters of film grain information undergo scaling in accordance with a target pixel block size for pixel blocks in the image. Such scaling allows for the use of conventional circuitry for performing block-based operations in connection with the film grain simulation.

The simulation of film grain in an image makes use of parameters contained in a Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) message that accompanies the image upon transmission. The SEI message specifies film grain simulation parameters such as the film simulation model, the blending mode, and color space.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for reading film grain patterns in a raster order in film grain simulation including establishing a pseudo-random starting position, repeating the pseudo-random starting position for each line of a group of film grain blocks, and using a different pseudo-random starting position for each display line of a next group of film grain blocks. In various embodiments of the present invention, the different pseudo-random starting positions are triggered by resetting at least one seed value of a pseudo-random number generator implemented to determine said pseudo-random starting positions.

The invention discloses a method for preparing highly (100) oriented BiFeO3 films on a Si substrate, which belongs to the technical field of functional material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: the Si substrate is pre-treated; a highly oriented LaNiO3 film is prepared on the substrate by adopting the pulsed laser deposition method and a LaNiO3 target material; and a highly oriented BiFeO3 film is prepared on the LaNiO3 film by adopting the pulsed laser deposition method and a BiFeO3 target material. The product prepared by adopting the method provided by the invention has good compatibility, uniform film grain sizes, compactness in arrangement, high crystallinity and good orientation.

Individual pixels in an image block undergo blending with film grain from a film grain block randomly selected from among a pool of previously established film grain blocks in accordance with a luma characteristic of the image block. Prior to blending, the selected film grain block undergoes deblocking by a deblocking filter (28). Following blending, a clipper clips the individual pixels prior to display. The pool of film grain blocks is created by scaling a set of film grain patterns in accordance with at least one parameter of a film grain information message that accompanies the image block.

To characterize film grain, a Film Grain Characterizer (23) receives an incoming information stream (12) and a filtered information stream (24) from which the film grain has been removed. From these streams, the Film Grain Characterizer (23) outputs a message that contains an identity of a model for simulating grain, as well at least one of a set of several parameters, including correlation parameters, intensity-independent parameters and intensity-dependent parameters used by the identified model. An encoder (26, 13) encodes the film grain information for subsequent transmission.

Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a chrome-free high tensile strength insulating film characterized by comprising steel sheet on the surface of which is formed an insulating film containing a phosphate and colloidal silica as main ingredients and containing crystalline magnesium phosphate uniformly dispersed over the entire surface.

Simulating film grain in an encoded image occurs by extracting the film grain and then characterizing the film grain for encoding in a video stream to enable the film grain restoration upon decoding. Typically, the film grain is characterized based either on the type of film, or by using a particular model. In practice, the film grain particulars are transmitted as parallel information to the video coded stream, typically as a film grain Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) message when using the ITU T H.264 video coding standard.

High-frequency noise is generated that approximates the appearance of traditional “film grain” for a digital video signal. By adding a relatively small amount of film grain noise, the video can be made to look more natural and more pleasing to the human viewer. The digital film grain generation can be used to mask unnatural smooth artifacts in digital video such as “blockiness” and “contouring” in the case of compressed video and/or used to provide visual enhancements or special effects to any digital video stream. The digital film grain generator can control grain size and the amount of film grain to be added.

Film grain simulation within a receiver 4 occurs by first obtaining at least one block of pre-computed transformed coefficients. The block of pre-computed transformed coefficients undergoes filtering responsive to a frequency range that characterizes a desired pattern of the film grain. In practice, the frequency range lies within a set of cut frequencies f_HL, f_VL, f_HH and f_VH of a filter in two dimensions that characterizes a desired film grain pattern. Thereafter, the filtered set of coefficients undergoes an inverse transform to yield the film grain pattern.

The simulation of film grain in a video image occurs by first creating a block (i.e., a matrix array) of transformed coefficients for a set of cut frequencies f_HL, f_VL, f_HH and f_VH associated with a desired grain pattern. (The cut frequencies f_HL, f_VL, f_HH and f_VH represent cut-off frequencies, in two dimensions, of a filter that characterizes the desired film grain pattern). The block of transformed coefficients undergoes an inverse transform to yield a bit-accurate film grain sample and the bit accurate sample undergoes scaling to enable blending with a video signal to simulate film grain in the signal.

A method of electroplating conductive material on semiconductor wafers improves deposited film quality by providing greater control over the formation of the film grain structure. Better grain size control is achieved by applying a continuous DC plating current to the wafer which avoids sharp discontinuities in the current as the applied current is increased in successive stages during a plating cycle. Current discontinuities are avoided by gradually increasing the current in a ramp-like fashion between the successive plating stages.

Reduction in the blockiness of a simulated film grain block can be achieved either by the use of adaptive downscaling or adaptive deblocking filtering to adjust the intensity of the pixels at the block edge in accordance with at least one film grain block parameter, such as film grain size, intensity and texture. Performing such adaptive downscaling or adaptive deblocking filtering achieves improved performance at lower computational cost by avoiding modification of film grain block pixels in lesser affected areas.

The present invention provides a method, apparatus and system for providing fast access to film grain patterns in a film grain simulation process including providing a first memory storing at least one film grain pattern and in response to a film grain pattern required by the film grain simulation process not being stored in the first memory, updating the first memory to obtain at least the required film grain pattern from at least a second memory. In one embodiment, the first memory is a local cache, the second memory is a film grain pattern database and a controller causes the examination of the local cache for a particular film grain pattern required in the film grain simulation process. In response to the required film grain pattern not being stored in the local cache, the controller causes the update of the local cache using the film grain pattern database.

The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic perovskite methyl amino lead iodide film by a two-step method. The method comprises the following specific steps: a film preparation technology (pulse laser deposition, magnetron sputtering and the like) is used for depositing on a substrate with lead iodide as a target to prepare a lead iodide film; the thickness of the film is controlled through the laser pulse number or the sputtering power and time; then, the grown lead iodide film and methyl amine iodide powder are put in a temperature control furnace for heating at constant temperature of 150-280 DEG C by 5 minutes to 5 hours; and a methyl amine iodide atmosphere and the lead iodide film on the substrate are reacted to generate the methyl amino lead iodide film. The method is simple in preparation process, and can realize the preparation of large-area film; and film grains grown by using the method substantially penetrate through a film growing direction, so that the improvement of organic perovskite solar cell efficiency and the industrial production and application are facilitated.