The invention discloses a recoil and counter-recoil two-in-one buffer damping device. During use, a piston recoils, the resistance of a second elastic device is increased, the recoil energy is absorbed, a valve limits the liquid flow speed through a reserved gap between the valve and the piston at the same time, the recoil speed of the piston is decreased, the piston conducts counter recoiling under the effect of the second elastic device after the piston recoils to the limiting position, the valve is forced to move backwards through liquid flow at the moment, the reserved gap is reduced to minimum, the liquid backflow speed is limited, the counter-recoil speed of the piston is decreased, and finally, the piston returns and resets through a first elastic device; and by means of the comprehensive effect of composite springs of the second elastic device and liquid hydraulic oil, the recoil speed of the piston is decreased, the counter-recoil speed of the piston is decreased, and therefore the movement speed of the piston is decreased.