196 results about "Pulse height" patented technology

A system for time-correlated photon counting. The system uses one or more photon detectors to produce electrical pulses corresponding to photons read from a target. The system uses a discriminator with a first input coupled to a trigger output from a pulsed optical source and a second input for receiving the electrical pulses. A time-to-pulse height converter is used for producing a series of difference signals each with a respective maxima and whose magnitude is related to the time difference between the trigger output and the electrical pulses. In addition, the system employs a pulse shaping electronic circuit for receiving pulsed electrical output and producing a series of one or more characteristic signals. An A / D converter with a first input receives the difference signals and a second input receives part of the characteristic signals. The A / D converter produces a first series of digital signals representing the difference signals and a second series of digital signals representing the characteristics signals. The results of the A / D converter are feed to a multichannel analyzer for time-shifting the first series of digital signals based on at the second series of digital signals so that the maxima for any given difference signals occurs at the same time as the maxima for at least one other part of the series of the difference signals.

The output of an avalanche photodiode (APD) comprises a “photocurrent” component comprising photon initiated events resulting from the interaction of photons with the APD and a “dark current” component comprising dark carrier events arising in the APD even when the APD is not exposed to light. Differences in the pulse height distributions of photon initiated events and dark carrier initiated events are used to statistically discriminate between photocurrent and dark current components of APD output.

In a display device capable of low power and multi-color displaying without raising a frame rate due to increase of display gradations in number by combining a gradation representation through a FRC and a gradation representation system using a pulse width modulation or pulse height modulation method, the gradation representation is executed by a method of pulse width or pulse height modulation in one frame using lower significant N bits to a video signal of M bits, and the display of the gradations is performed by the FRC of the present invention using more significant M−N bits and further using 2M−N−1 frames, and thus the number of the frames required for FRC is reduced to decrease a frame frequency to thereby realize a gradation display with reduction of electric power and suppression of flickers.

A depth of interaction detector with uniform pulse-height comprises a multi-layer scintillator obtained by coupling at least two scintillator cells on a plane and then stacking the planar coupled scintillator cells, in layers, up to at least two stages and a light-receiving element connected to the bottom face of each scintillator cell of this multi-layer scintillator, wherein the detector is provided with a means for discriminating the position of a scintillator cell, which receives radiant rays and emits light rays and a means for making, uniform, the quantity of the light emitted from each scintillator cell and received by the light-receiving element. The detector can provide precise detection information even when radiation is absorbed by and emitted from a scintillator layer positioned above the scintillator layer optically coupled to the light-receiving element, permits the production of a depth of interaction detector having a three-dimensional depth of interaction-detecting function and can provide the same total output signal, which is independent of the position or a specific scintillator cell practically emitting light if the radiation energy is identical.

A receiver for position-determining ranging signals transmitted by earth-orbiting satellites uses a set of accumulators, each of which accumulates signal samples corresponding with a position along the rising edges of incoming PRN pulses. An MMT processor calculates the rising edges of the direct path component of the received signal, selects the accumulator whose content correspond to a reference value related to the pulse height of the direct path component and compares the timing of the samples in that accumulator with the timing of the reference value on a reference pulse.

An oral care appliance comprises: a fluid pump assembly (46); a source of liquid (50); and a source of gas (12), wherein the pump is in operative communication with the sources of liquid and gas to produce a series of gas-injected fluid pulses, directed to a nozzle assembly (80) from which the resulting pulses are directed to the teeth. The individual pulses have a pulse width in the range of 0.001-0.5 seconds, a pulse height from 0.1-10 Newtons, and a rise / fall time range of 0.5-250 ms, a repetition rate in the range of 2 Hz to 20 Hz. The gas / liquid mixture range from 40-95% volume to volume, gas to liquid.

A gamma ray detector assembly for a borehole logging system that requires the measure of gamma radiation with optimized gamma ray energy resolution and with fast emission times required to obtain meaningful measurements in high radiation fields. The detector assembly comprises a lanthanum bromide (LaBr3) scintillation crystal and a digital spectrometer that cooperates with the crystal to maximize pulse processing throughput by digital filtering and digital pile-up inspection of the pulses. The detector assembly is capable of digital pulse measurement and digital pile-up inspection with dead-time less than 600 nanoseconds per event. Pulse height can be accurately measured (corrected for pile-up effects) for 2 pulses separated by as little as 150 nanoseconds. Although the invention is applicable to virtually any borehole logging methodology that uses the measure of gamma radiation in harsh borehole conditions, the invention is particularly applicable to carbon / oxygen logging.

Memory devices and methods for operating such devices are described herein. A method as described herein includes applying a fixed sequence of voltage pulses across the memory cell of increasing pulse height to change the resistance state from the lower resistance state to the higher resistance state. The fixed sequence of voltage pulses cause increasing current through the phase change memory element until change to the higher resistance state occurs, and after the change the voltage pulses in the fixed sequence causing a voltage across the phase change memory element less than the threshold voltage.

A switching power supply device has a reference voltage generator for generating a reference voltage, a ripple injector for generating a ripple component by use of a pulse voltage indicating the on / off state of a switching element and injecting the ripple component into the reference voltage, an integrated voltage generator for generating an integrated voltage commensurate with the integrated value of the pulse voltage throughout its on- and off-duty periods, a subtractor for lowering according to the integrated voltage the reference voltage before injection of the ripple component or the supply voltage to a buffer that feeds the ripple injector with the pulse voltage after making its pulse height constant, a comparator for comparing a feedback voltage with the reference voltage after injection of the ripple component, and a switching controller for generating an output voltage from an input voltage by non-linear control by turning on and off the switching element according to the output signal of the comparator.

An apparatus for radiographic examination includes a detection unit including a detector configured to detect a gamma ray emitted from a radioactive isotope in an object and to output a detected signal, a first measurement unit configured to determine a first crossing time at which a pulse height of the detected signal becomes substantially equal to a first threshold value, a second measurement unit configured to determine a second crossing time at which the pulse height of the detected signal becomes substantially equal to a second threshold value, and an incidence time calculation unit configured to calculate a starting time of the detected signal based on the first crossing time and the second crossing time and to output detection data; and an information processing unit configured to determine distribution of radioactive isotopes in the object based on multiple sets of said detection data.

A linear power amplifier system using pulse area modulation includes: an envelop / phase decomposer for decomposing an input signal into an envelop signal and a phase signal; a pulse area modulator for modulating the envelop signal such that an area of the modulated envelop signal is proportional to an amplitude of the envelop signal; a control signal generator for converting the modulated envelop signal into a control signal; an automatic gain adjuster for equalizing pulse height of the modulated envelop signal; a mixer for mixing the phase signal with the output of the automatic gain adjustor to produce a RF pulse train; a power amplifier for amplifying the RF pulse train, to generate an amplified RF pulse train; and a band pass filter for restoring the original input signal from the amplified RF pulse train. The output level of the power amplifier is controlled by the control signal.

Provided is a backlight device wherein when the drive duty and the drive current are controlled according to a motion, the image quality is improved by preventing flicker caused by the change of the drive waveform. A light-emitting unit (121) comprises a plurality of light-emitting areas. A motion amount detecting unit (131) detects the motion amount of an image in each of a plurality of motion areas each corresponding to at least one or more light-emitting areas. A drive condition specifying unit specifies a drive condition including the duty and pulse height value of a drive pulse for causing each of the plurality of light-emitting areas to emit light, on the basis of the detected motion amount. A drive unit drives each of the plurality of light-emitting areas according to the specified drive condition. The drive condition specifying unit adjusts the drive condition such that the drive condition temporally smoothly changes.

A method of making a cubic halide scintillator material includes pressing a powder mixture of cubic halide and at least one activator under conditions of pressure, temperature, residence time and particle size effective to provide a polycrystalline sintered cubic halide scintillator having a pulse height resolution of from about 7% to about 20%. The conditions include a temperature ranging from about ambient temperature up to about 90% of the melting point of the cubic halide, a pressure of from about 30,000 psi to about 200,000 psi, a pressing residence time of from about 5 minutes to about 120 minutes and an average cubic halide particle size of from about 60 micrometers to about 275 micrometers.

A pressure pulse generator for use in transmitting pressure signals to surface in a fluid-based drilling system. The generator is arranged in use in the path of a pressurized fluid to operate a drilling assembly and is capable of being actuated to generate pressure signals in such fluid for transmission to surface pressure monitoring equipment. The pulse generator includes pulse height compensation to keep the pulse height within acceptable limits over a wide flow range.

A receiver for position-determining ranging signals transmitted by earth-orbiting satellites uses a set of accumulators, each of which accumulates signal samples corresponding with a position along the rising edges of incoming PRN pulses. An MMT processor calculates the rising edges of the direct path component of the received signal, selects the accumulator whose content correspond to a reference value related to the pulse height of the direct path component and compares the timing of the samples in that accumulator with the timing of the reference value on a reference pulse.

A radiation measuring device includes a computing unit that receives an input of a count value of a count portion configured to receive an input of a digital pulse from a pulse height discriminator and count the digital pulse in a fixed cycle and an integrated value of an adder-subtractor accumulation portion configured to add the digital pulse and subtract a feedback pulse and finds a first current rate on the basis of the count value and the integrated value and a second count rate on the basis of the integrated value, so that soundness of the adder-subtractor accumulation portion is diagnosed and outputted by comparing the first count rate with the second count rate. A radiation measuring device of a simple configuration and a diagnosis method thereof enabling a high-accurate self-diagnosis online on the count rate measurement that is the keystone of the radiation measurement can be thus obtained.

A transmission device includes a pulse modulated signal generator that generates a pulse-modulated signal by changing the width of a pulse or the density of a pulse according to the magnitude of the amplitude component of an input signal while discretely changing the pulse height according to the magnitude of the amplitude, a modulated-signal generator that generates a modulated signal by integrating the pulse-modulated signal and the phase component of the input signal, a power amplifier that includes at least as many amplifiers as the number of the discrete amplitude levels of the modulated signal, changes the number of amplifies that amplify the modulated signal on the basis of the value of the amplitude level of the modulated signal, combines outputs of the amplifiers, and outputs a combined output, and an output filter that eliminates a square-wave component from the output of the power amplifier.

The present invention relates to a radio frequency amplifier and a method of driving the radio frequency amplifier, and an object of the present invention is to provide a radio frequency amplifier and a method of driving the radio frequency amplifier which are excellent in the controllability at the time of a low power output while keeping the advantage of a high efficiency and give the heating generated by a power loss of such a degree that dewing generated due to over-cooling by the cooling system is not generated at the time of a low power output. The radio frequency amplifier is structured by a variable wave height and variable wave width pulse wave generating circuit 11 that generates a pulse wave (rectangular wave) having an arbitrary pulse height and pulse width, and a power amplifier 12 that is driven by the rectangular wave.

A method for forming a substantially spherical free air ball on a fine non-oxidizable wire in a computerized bonder, which has a computerized flame-off (EFO) apparatus operable to generate pulses of different heights and widths. A train of EFO current pulses is applied between electrode and wire; examples are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. The pulse heights are controlled to melt a predetermined volume of wire while minimizing the heat-affected zone of the wire as well as the wire necking, thus creating free air balls of small diameters and high ball / wire strength. The pulse widths are controlled to create a substantially spherical ball shape. The pulse train of various heights and widths is minimized in order to minimize the time needed for one bond and to maximize the number of bonds provided per second.

A gamma ray detector assembly for a borehole logging system that requires the measure of gamma radiation with optimized gamma ray energy resolution and with fast emission times required to obtain meaningful measurements in high radiation fields. The detector assembly comprises a lanthanum bromide (LaBr3) scintillation crystal and a digital spectrometer that cooperates with the crystal to maximize pulse processing throughput by digital filtering and digital pile-up inspection of the pulses. The detector assembly is capable of digital pulse measurement and digital pile-up inspection with dead-time less than 600 nanoseconds per event. Pulse height can be accurately measured (corrected for pile-up effects) for 2 pulses separated by as little as 150 nanoseconds. Although the invention is applicable to virtually any borehole logging methodology that uses the measure of gamma radiation in harsh borehole conditions, the invention is particularly applicable to carbon / oxygen logging.

Memory devices and methods for operating such devices are described herein. A method is described herein for operating a memory cell comprising phase change material and programmable to a plurality of resistance states including a high resistance state and a lower resistance state. The method comprises applying a first bias arrangement to the memory cell to establish the lower resistance state, the first bias arrangement comprising a first voltage pulse. The method further comprises determining whether the memory cell is in the lower resistance state, and if the memory cell is not in the lower resistance state then applying a second bias arrangement to the memory cell. The second bias arrangement comprises a second voltage pulse having a pulse height greater than that of the first voltage pulse.

A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment includes: a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells to store N-value data (N being an integer equal to or larger than 3); and a writing circuit configured to repeatedly execute a writing cycle on a plurality of memory cells until data writing is finished. The writing circuit divides the pulse width of the writing pulse into a plurality of sections to change the pulse height among the sections such that the respective sections provide writing voltages for writing different target threshold levels, and brings the bit line connected to the memory cell to be written with any of the target threshold levels into a selected state synchronously to the section for applying the writing voltage for writing that target threshold level.

The invention relates to phase change memory unit testing system and method. Its feature is that the testing system includes control computer, pulse signal generator, digital signal source, micro control probe table, and switch connecting part. The interface bus is used to connect main control computer with pulse signal generator and digital signal source. The middle three are connected by control cable of the control card. The main control computer is switched between pulse signal generator and digital signal source by micro control probe table whose two probes are respectively connected with up and down electrodes of the phase change memory to form a memory unit. Further more it can use operational module to realize seven kinds of detecting, such as current-voltage, voltage-current, resistance and writing pulse height, resistance and writing pulse width, resistance and swabbing pulse height, resistance and swabbing pulse width.

The present invention relates to a driving method of speaker and the driving circuit thereof by employing the technique of converting digital sound signals into corresponding driving signals to drive the speaker. The driving method of the speaker comprises the steps of dividing the digital sound data into higher bits data group and lower bits data group, converting one data group into driving signals represented as pulse height, and modulating the other data group into driving signals represented as pulse width. The driving circuit comprises pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit for modulating one data group into driving signals represented as pulse width and digital analog conversion circuit for converting the other data group into driving signals represented as pulse height.

A radiation measuring device includes: a detector that detects radiation; a preamplifier that amplifies a signal outputted from the detector; a shaping amplifier that shapes the waveform of the signal outputted from the preamplifier; an A / D converter that converts the analog signal output from the shaping amplifier to a digital signal; and a digital data processing unit that calculates digital signal output from the A / D converter, wherein energy information of the radiation inputted to the detector is obtained from a pulse height of the pulse signal processed by the preamplifier and the shaping amplifier, and the pulse height of the current pulse is corrected in the digital data processing unit by performing an arithmetic operation using the pulse height information of the current pulse digitalized by the A / D converter, the generation time information of the preceding pulse, and the pulse height information of the preceding pulse.

Memory devices and methods for operating such devices are described herein. A method as described herein includes applying a fixed sequence of voltage pulses across the memory cell of increasing pulse height to change the resistance state from the lower resistance state to the higher resistance state. The fixed sequence of voltage pulses cause increasing current through the phase change memory element until change to the higher resistance state occurs, and after the change the voltage pulses in the fixed sequence causing a voltage across the phase change memory element less than the threshold voltage.

The invention relates to a detection apparatus for detecting photons, such as used in radiographic imaging systems. A detection unit (14) generates detection signal pulses having a detection signal pulse height being indicative of the energy of the detected photons (13), wherein a detection values generation unit (16) generates energy-resolved detection values depending on the detection signal pulses. A signal pulse generation unit (15) generates artificial signal pulses having a predefined artificial signal pulse height and a predefined generated rate. The detection values generation unit (16) determines an observed rate being the rate of the artificial signal pulses having an artificial signal pulse height being larger than a predefined threshold as observed by the detection values generation unit (16) and determines an offset of the detection signal pulses depending on the determined observed rate. This allows reliably determining the offset of the detection signal pulses, such as produced by dark current drift in radiographic detection devices, which can be used for correcting the finally generated detection values.

A polycrystalline scintillator composition is provided. The polycrystalline scintillator composition is capable of being sintered to form a body having a pulse height resolution that is less than about 20 percent at 662 kilo electron volts. Also, an article formed form the polycrystalline scintillator composition is provided, as well as a radiation detector including the article.