The invention discloses a vehicle body large part positioning tool with a template switching function, and belongs to the field of auxiliary positioning tools of railway vehicle body large parts. The positioning tool comprises double guide rails and a template positioning base, wherein the double guide rails consist of two identical guide rails; chutes with outer side stops are formed in the upper end surfaces of the guide rails; the two identical guide rails are symmetrically arranged in parallel; the template positioning base comprises two square baffle plates and a clamping plate component; the clamping plate component comprises four clamping plates with through grooves, and multiple template positioning screw holes; and the four clamping plates are integrally molded, and are arranged at intervals by circumference angles. Vehicle body large part templates can quickly finish the switching of selected template stations according to actual requirements, so that the operation of replacing the vehicle body large part templates in batches is convenient and quick, the production efficiency can be largely improved, the production cost is saved, and the benefit is created. In addition, the positioning tool has such advantages as simple and practical structure, convenience for operation, low cost and convenience for promotion and popularization.