The invention discloses an aerogel complex fiber thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The aerogel complex fiber thermal insulation material is formed by composite processing with SiO2 aerogel particles, inorganic fibers, an adhesive and a curing agent as raw material, and an insulation quilt, an insulation blanket and an insulation board can be formed; the preparation method of the aerogel complex fiber thermal insulation material comprises the following steps of coating the SiO2 aerogel particles with a certain size on the surfaces of the inorganic fibers with a certain specification through mist spray, heating, pressurizing, drying and shaping, and reinforcing and shaping through a spinning process. Different forms of thermal insulation materials, such as the insulation quilt, the insulation blanket and the insulation board, can be prepared according to the control pressure and the cutting size. The thermal insulation material, which is prepared by the invention, has the advantages of excellent thermal insulation property, good mechanical strength, simple production process and stable performance of a finished product, and can be widely applied to the fields of building thermal insulation and industrial thermal insulation.