The invention discloses a multiple fluoroimmunoassay primer, kit and method for rapidly distinguishing 5 avian immunosuppression pathogens. Operation is simple, a target amplified fragment is acquired through a PCR, an amplified product, fluorescence coded microspheres and streptavidin-phycoerythrin are hybridized, the MFI value is read through a detector, and viruses of different types are distinguished. The method can simultaneously detect the chicken infectious anemia virus, the chicken Marek's disease virus, the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus, the avian reovirus and the chicken infectious bursa disease virus accurately, specificity is high, sensitivity is high, and repeatability is good. Compared with a traditional detection method, the method achieves simultaneous detection of multiple different target molecules in the same sample, the use number of samples is small, operation is simple and rapid, and the detection cost can be greatly reduced.