The invention relates to an automatic assembly device for an inner ring and an outer ring of a high-speed bearing, and belongs to bearing processing equipment. The automatic assembly device comprises a workbench, a heating mechanism and a clamp, wherein heating mechanism comprises a manipulator bracket, a heat conduction plate, a heating element, insulation boards and a manipulator, slide grooves are formed in the manipulator bracket, the manipulator can move in the slide grooves, grooves are formed in one end of the manipulator, the manipulator is electrically connected with an external control device, the heat conduction plate is annular, the heating element is sleeved on the heat conduction plate, the two insulation boards are arranged on the outer wall of the heat conduction plate and extend into the grooves to be connected with the manipulator, the clamp is positioned right below the heat conduction plate, a boss is formed at the upper part of the clamp in a narrowing way, a step face is formed between the boss and the clamp, an outer ring and a retainer with rolling elements are arranged on the step face, the outer ring is sleeved on the boss, and positioned on the upper inner side in the height direction of the retainer. According to the device, assembly is realized by virtue of self weight of an inner ring, the frictional wear of a bearing during the assembly process is alleviated, the temperature control precision is high, the assembly efficiency is high, the pollution is slight, and the service life of the device is long.