The invention provides a low-power intelligent agricultural data acquisition system implemented based on NB-IoT, comprising a data acquisition terminal, an NB-IoT master controller, a data center server and a management client. The master controller of the system adopts a wireless communication part based on an NB-IoT protocol and has a low-power design, the communication transmission can be performed with strong reliability and low costs, the power consumption of the master controller located in an agricultural production site can be further reduced, the standby time can be greatly extended,and the number of times of battery replacements can be reduced. The scheme of the invention designs an embedded system based on multi-layer components for the master controller, and forms a functionalarchitecture that can be packaged, standardized and reused and has embedded characteristics; and according to the scheme of the invention, a monitoring module for realizing data communication with the master controller and a management module for realizing farmland scene state display, fault alarm, data statistics, report generation and user management are configured for the data center server.