371 results about "Trip computer" patented technology

An interior rearview mirror system for use in a vehicle includes a mirror support assembly for attachment to the interior of a vehicle. The mirror support assembly comprises a first electronic accessory such as an imaging sensor. A reflective mirror element is disposed in a housing, the housing being pivotally adjustable about the mirror support assembly via a pivot element. The housing includes second and third electronic accessories at least partially controlled by a microprocessor. The mirror support assembly preferably includes a wire passageway for wires passing into the housing for the reflective mirror element. The second and third electronic accessories may be a headlamp controller and automatic dimming circuitry, or may be selected from a variety of other devices such as a garage door opener, an INTERNET interface, a video device, a trip computer, a light, or other items. The mirror assembly may also be in wireless communication with an external device.

The invention relates to an infrared vehicle interior environmental monitoring system based on a controlled area network (CAN) / local interconnect network (LIN) bus. The infrared vehicle interior environmental monitoring system based on the CAN / LIN bus comprises a senor, a signal processing module, an analog / digital (A / D) conversion circuit, an electronic control unit (ECU) system, a vehicle-mounted computer, a CAN / LIN data bus, an alarming circuit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) module, a wireless communication module and a power source. Signals obtained by the sensor are processed through the signal processing module at first, and then are converted through the A / D conversion circuit to be input to the ECU system to be processed. The ECU system carries out synthetic judgment by combining sensor information and vehicle state information obtained through the CAN / LIN bus from the vehicle-mounted computer. When the ECU system finds that an environment is poor or a person / life is left and vehicle doors are locked inside a vehicle, the ECU system starts the alarming circuit to give an alarm, a message prompt is sent through the wireless communication module and an instruction is sent to the vehicle-mounted computer through the CAN / LIN bus, and the vehicle-mounted computer adjusts vehicle windows or controls starting of an air conditioner and outer circulation of the air conditioner. The power source supplies power for parts. According to the infrared vehicle interior environmental monitoring system based on the CAN / LIN bus, a safety guarantee is provided for the person who does not want to stay in the vehicle, and accidents are avoided.

This invention provides smart and convenient Bluetooth enabled and other wireless enabled device connection with car and other type of vehicles with Bluetooth connection feature. A method is recognizing and sensing the presence of Bluetooth enabled mobile devices with other conditions, such as presence of owner in a car, sensing the movement of a mobile device, and door open-close status, and then connect and disconnect intelligently between wirelessly connected mobile devices and said a car kit. For example, Bluetooth profiles, such as HFP, HSP, HID, A2DP, AVRCP, AVDTP, AVCTP, GAVDP, PBAP, PBA, PXP, VDP, SYNCH, and other connection oriented Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy profiles, can utilize the method for convenience and intelligent connection and disconnection.Other types of wearable devices such as glass, glasses, wristband, necklace, any kind of skin attaching devices sensing bio-information from a user, use this method for convenience connection service by sensing a wearing status, and save power intelligently.This invention includes more methods working as a car “Black Box” that records messages from ECU, trip computer, sensors, and route information from the start and stop of vehicle. And it is providing emergency call service intelligently based on the algorithms to determine crash impacts and call asking help such as 911, other registered phone numbers automatically and send short message and photo messages automatically to save life and fast service.

The present invention discloses a safe driving evaluation method and system based on a vehicle-mounted intelligent unit. The method comprises the following steps of real-timely sensing the vehicle driving state information comprising the position information, the motion acceleration information, the motion azimuth angle information, and reading the vehicle state data of a driving computer; storing the vehicle driving state information and the vehicle state data, and synchronously uploading the vehicle driving state information and the vehicle state data to a cloud server, or simultaneously uploading to a mobile terminal; using the cloud server to analyze the vehicle driving state information and the vehicle state data to finish the vehicle safe driving evaluation; using the cloud server to send an evaluation result to the mobile terminal. According to the safe driving evaluation method based on the vehicle-mounted intelligent unit of the technical scheme of the present invention, various sensors are integrated integrally to real-timely acquire the driving data of vehicles to evaluate the driving habits of customers, and the comprehensive performances of the vehicles under various statuses are recorded, so that an accurate safe driving evaluation method is provided.

The invention provides a vehicle identification data processing method. The method includes the steps of obtaining vehicle bus data through a vehicle bus, wherein the vehicle bus data include an engine identification code and further include at least one of vehicle bus configuration data, vehicle system configuration data, trip computer parameters, the vehicle bus type, the vehicle communication protocol category and vehicle delivery capacity; generating vehicle genetic data according to the combination of the vehicle bus data, uploading the vehicle genetic data to a data processing server, wherein the vehicle genetic data are used for vehicle identification. According to the vehicle identification data processing method, the vehicle genetic data uploaded to the data processing server have high uniqueness, vehicle identification can be achieved according to the vehicle genetic data so that different vehicles can be distinguished, and the method can be widely applied to various fields such as the traffic management field, the investigation field and the vehicle positioning field. The invention further provides a vehicle identification data processing device and system.

The invention relates to a calibration method of vehicle exhaust emission and a vehicle-mounted self-diagnosis system. The calibration method is characterized in that the calibration method comprises the following steps of (1) testing an engine bench, (2) inspecting a vehicle, (3) optimizing and debugging the vehicle, (4) debugging the vehicle by operating mode method and (5) debugging the vehicle-mounted self-diagnosis system. The debugging of the vehicle-mounted self-diagnosis system comprises aging test of an oxygen sensor, fire detection test, critical catalyzer determination test, diagnostic test of parts, three-high test and verification test. The use of the calibration method can write the related calibration parameters obtained by various tests of the vehicle to be calibrated into a trip computer (ECU), leads emissions of the vehicle to be calibrated to achieve the national emission standards, leads the vehicle-mounted self-diagnosis system (OBD) to pass the national-level check-up and acceptance, further achieves the requirements on putting into market, leading the economy, the power performance and the driving performance of the vehicle to be calibrated to be best and meets the demands of consumers.

The invention relates to the field of electronic toll collection (ETC) electronic tags, in particular to an electronic disassembling preventing method and an electronic disassembling preventing system for ETC electronic tags. Disassembling prevention and thievery prevention are realized by binding the ETC electronic tags and trip computers of a vehicle one by one in an electronic authentication manner. The electronic disassembling preventing method comprises the following steps of: building a binding relation between the ETC electronic tags and the trip computers; performing disassembling information authentication between the ETC electronic tags and the trip computers when the ETC electronic tags are communicated with a charge terminal; returning a disassembling information authentication result, namely disassembling zone bit information, to the charge terminal by the ETC electronic tags; and judging whether the charge terminal transacts with the ETC electronic tags or not according to the disassembling zone bit information. According to an embodiment of the invention, the trip computers can be used for performing disassembling prevention and thievery prevention authentication on the ETC electronic tags, so that an accurate authentication effect can be achieved, and shortcomings of a mechanical disassembling preventing device are avoided.

The technology described herein provides a powertrain system with a route-learning feature. Particularly, learned information is used to optimize powertrain operation along any learned route. The learned information comprises, generally, feedback from the vehicle's acceleration and brake sensors and information from an on-board trip computer. At the least, the powertrain is able to optimize its operation to a driver's preference based on the feedback recorded along a particular route that the driver has specified. The route-learning powertrain control described herein is particularly useful with a hybrid powertrain, and can be used to optimize start / stop and regenerative braking control. The system described herein can also be integrated with a navigation system and GPS receiver, to provide more accurate route-learning and / or automated operation.

The invention relates to a method for prompting comprehensive service information of an automobile, which comprises the following steps that: electronic map software and a service information database are arranged in an automobile information prompting system; a GPS positioning software and control software are arranged in the automobile information prompting system; when the automobile runs or stops, a voice prompting system provides road monitoring point information, forward road condition information, driving guidance information, driving direction information, parking information, gas station information or automobile maintenance point information and the like for a driver. The comprehensive service information system of the automobile can be combined with a burglar alarm, a reversing radar system, an automobile navigation system, a driving computer system, a tire pressure detection system or an automobile sound system; the GPS burglar device of the automobile can realize the speed monitoring, safety reminding and positioning navigation through the software upgrading on the basis of the addition of less hardware, further simplify vehicle equipment and reduce the construction cost and the maintenance expense of an automobile owner; and the more important thing is that the method and the GPS burglar alarm ensure the driving safety.

An electronic anti-theft system utilizes CAN bus for authorizing vehicle components. The electronic anti-theft system includes a central authorization module storing at least one first identifier code, at least one electronic functional module and a CAN bus. Each of the electronic functional modules includes a vehicle electrical system identifier (VESI) device, which stores a second identifier code. The VESI device compares the second identifier code thereof with an associated first identifier code, and issues an acknowledgement signal when the comparison is matched. The central authorization module activates the electronic functional module for normal operation when receiving the acknowledgement signal from the VESI device for the electronic functional module. The electronic functional module includes vehicle crucial components such as trip computer module and infotainment module. Therefore, illegal removal or use of vehicle components can be prevented for the vehicle equipped with the electronic anti-theft system of the present invention.

The invention discloses an intelligent taxi monitoring system and method. The method comprises the following steps that driver checking-in identity information read by a vehicle-mounted terminal is displayed on a touch display screen of the vehicle-mounted terminal and sent to a cloud management platform; the cloud management platform receives the driver checking-in identity information in real time and matches the driver checking-in identity information with locally-stored information; if the driver checking-in identity information is matched with the locally-stored information, the vehicle-mounted terminal is informed to turn on a taxi trip computer and uploads GPS information of the taxi to the cloud management platform; if not, the vehicle-mounted terminal is informed to shut off the taxi trip computer, and send alarm information. According to the intelligent taxi monitoring system and method, the functions of taxi traffic safety monitoring management, traffic recording, various fare paying modes, service quality management, operation management, law violation monitoring, voice prompting and the like can be achieved, the taxi service quality is improved, the safety of passenger who take the taxi is ensured, and the current dirty, disorder and bad situation is changed.

The invention discloses an automatic parking method. The automatic parking method comprises the following steps: an automatic parking state is started, a trip computer obtains pose information of a vehicle, and then pre-measured parking space information is loaded to judge the relative position relationship between the initial position of the vehicle and a parking space; according to the judging result, a forward command is sent out to enable the vehicle to reach a first pre-aiming point to be parked, then a forward command is sent again to enable the vehicle to reach a second pre-aiming pointto be parked, the trip computer plans a path where reverse stall parking is conducted to a third pre-aiming point, a reversing command is sent, the vehicle is reversed to a certain position in frontof the parking space and parked, whether the vehicle can be reversed into the parking space or not is judged, and if yes, the vehicle is parked when reaching the third pre-aiming point; and if no, thetrip computer sends out a forward command to adjust the pose of the vehicle, and thus the vehicle re-travels to the second pre-aiming point and is parked to re-plan the reversing path to the third pre-aiming point till the vehicle can be reversed into the parking space. Automatic parking in-place can be achieved on the left side and the right side of the vehicle travelling direction, expandability is high, and flexibility is high.

A vehicle virtual synthetic display system, which includes a tablet computer (1), cameras (2-7) around the vehicle (2-7), a driving computer (8), and a vehicle running state sensor (9-12), the tablet computer ( 1) The images transmitted by the cameras (2-7) are superimposed and synthesized to virtually generate a bird's-eye view panoramic image, the driving computer (8) acquires the vehicle data of the sensors (9-12) in good time, and the tablet computer (1) After invoking the vehicle data obtained by the driving computer (8) in good time, a vehicle motion trend trajectory image is generated, and the virtual bird's-eye view panoramic image is added to the bird's-eye view of the vehicle's own image, and the vehicle motion trend trajectory image is synthesized to generate a vehicle auxiliary judgment Bird's-eye panoramic imagery.

The invention discloses a mine rail locomotive unmanned automatic driving system based on vehicle computer control. The mine rail locomotive unmanned automatic driving system comprises a transportation dispatching commanding system, a vehicle control system, a rail turnout and signal control system, a network communication system, a remote ore drawing system, an ore unloading pit detection systemand a locomotive power supply line monitoring system. The mine rail locomotive unmanned automatic driving system is simple and reasonable in structure design and convenient to operate; the safety of locomotive driving under a communication fault condition is ensured and the possibility of rear-end accidents is avoided; the time of transporting each vehicle is shortened under the condition of safety driving and the transportation efficiency is improved; compared with manual and long-distance remote control parking and positioning, locomotive unmanned driving and accurate positioning of a locomotive in an ore drawing working link have the advantages that the ore loading working efficiency is high; the mine rail locomotive unmanned automatic driving system is adaptive to a foresight obstaclemonitoring system under various environments and each obstacle can be accurately identified; collision accidents are avoided and the safety of production and transportation is improved; the mine raillocomotive unmanned automatic driving system has a wide applicable range and is easy to generalize and popularize.

The invention discloses a method for simultaneously writing of a plurality of electronic control units (ECU). The method comprises: according to an instruction triggered by a user, a function of writing writing programs of ECUs is started; connection with ECUs of all vehicles is carried out by an interface unit; vehicle type codes and / or vehicle identification numbers (VIN) of all vehicles are obtained; according to the vehicle type codes and / or vehicle identification numbers (VIN), the corresponding writing programs are extracted and the extracted writing programs are written into the corresponding ECUs; and parameters after writing are written into the corresponding ECUs. In addition, the invention also discloses a device for simultaneously writing a plurality of electronic control units. According to the invention, multiple ECUs can be written simultaneously and the writing efficiency increases.

The invention discloses a water vapor comprehensive utilization system and utilization method of a car. A water tank is arranged on a chassis of the car. By means of a water-vapor collection assembly, rainwater, condensate water of an air-conditioning evaporator, condensate water of an exhaust pipe and other water vapor generated during a daily driving process of the car are stored in the water tank. When excess temperature is detected by temperature sensors of the air-conditioning evaporator, an engine intake manifold, a tire and a brake part or when a fire disaster is detected by a fire sensor arranged in an engine compartment, information is transferred to a trip computer. The trip computer is used for conveying water to spraying heads at specified positions by controlling a high-pressure water pump of the water tank and electromagnetic valves at corresponding valves such that an overheating part is subjected to cooling and fire suppression operation. The water-vapor comprehensive utilization system and utilization method of the car helps to solve the problem of a water source for cooling water of the car and expand the application range of water and have the capability of cooling the overheating part and preventing the car against self-ignition. Features of low cost and high reliability are obtained.

The invention discloses a multifunctional driving monitoring early warning system based on a mobile terminal. According to the multifunctional driving monitoring early warning system, data are collected through four wide-angle cameras arranged on a front grating, a left side door mirror, a right side door mirror and a tail door of a vehicle respectively; then, the data are synthesized to form a complete image through the image processing technology; meanwhile, after electronic power-assisted steering data in an ECU of a vehicle and related working condition information of other vehicles are collected through an OBD2 port data collector which is connected to the ECU of the vehicle and comprises a main chip, namely, an eml327 chip, a 2.4 G module and other related circuits, the data are transmitted to a controller through the 2.4 G wireless technology; advancing trajectory prediction of the vehicle is calculated according to other data, including the axle base, the wheel tread and the like, of the vehicle; finally, the image where trajectory prediction is conducted is outputted to the mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone in a wireless mode, and the data are displayed through the mobile terminal device. According to the multifunctional driving monitoring early warning system, real-time image transmission and detection are achieved through a wireless communication method at a low cost.

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted safety monitoring terminal which is a long-distance rescuing terminal placed in a vehicle cab. The vehicle-mounted safety monitoring terminal is mainly composed of an outer shell and a host. The vehicle-mounted safety monitoring terminal is characterized in that integration components of the host of the terminal include a CPU for analyzing and processing data, a data collector, a storage card, a CAN bus, a communication module, an alarm and a working power source, the data collector and the storage card are respectively connected with the CPU, the CAN bus, the communication module, the alarm and the working power source are connected with an automobile ECU, the working power source is further connected with a charging battery, the data collector is further connected with the storage card and is further respectively connected with a Big Dipper positioning module, a gravity sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor and a smoke concentration sensor, the storage card is internally provided with a GIS map, and the communication module is mainly composed of GPRS communication chips for mobile data wireless communication.

The invention relates to a method and a device for displaying vehicle-mounted virtual images and a vehicle-mounted main machine. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining status signals transmitted by a center control media system and / or a trip computer of a vehicle; processing the status signals, and determining the identification information of virtual image templates corresponding to the status signals; adding the identification information of the virtual image templates to a display sequence, and controlling a display screen of the vehicle to display the virtual image templates corresponding to the identification information in the display sequence. The different virtual images can be displayed by the display screen of the vehicle according to the different status signals, and the processing efficiency of the status signals is relatively high, so that the display screen can quickly respond the different virtual image templates, and the display effect is further optimized.

The invention discloses a self-adaptive infrared system for monitoring the internal environment of an automobile, comprising sensors, an ECU (electronic control unit) system, a signal processing module, an analog to digital conversion circuit, a wireless communication module, an antenna and a power supply. The power supply is used for supplying power to the sensors, the ECU system, the signal processing module, the analog to digital conversion circuit, the wireless communication module and the antenna; the signals obtained by the sensors are processed by the signal processing module before being converted by the analog to digital conversion circuit, and then the signals are inputted into the ECU system; the ECU system is used for intelligently studying, analyzing and judging according to the information sensed by different sensors and the automobile key opening or locking signals obtained by the antenna; and when the environment in the automobile get worse or people / living things are left in the automobile and the automobile is locked, the ECU system is used for starting the wireless communication module to send short message to inform the occurrence of abnormal situation in the automobile. Adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the system has the intelligent fuzzy judging and adaptive learning capacity and does not need to obtain the automobile state information from the computer or other parts of the automobile.

The invention discloses a method for enabling a car to accurately respond to traffic lights. The method for enabling the car to accurately respond to the traffic lights comprises the following steps that a wireless transmission device is arranged in front of the traffic lights and is connected to the traffic lights, the remaining time of a current green light of the traffic lights is transmitted to the wireless transmission device, a chassis of the car is provided with a wireless receiving device which is used for receiving the remaining time that the green light turns to a red light of the wireless transmission device, the wireless receiving device transmits the information of the remaining time that the green light turns to the red light to a driving computer, the driving computer calculates the driving time that the car reaches the traffic lights according to the current car speed and a preset distance, and simultaneously displays the remaining time and the driving time on a displayer inside the car, and the driver judges according to the driving time and the remaining time to choose to accelerate to pass the green light, or keep the speed to pass the green light or slow down to wait for the next green light.

The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting vehicle instantaneous acceleration and prompting automobile gestures and an automobile. The device comprises at least four gravity sensors arranged on the periphery of the automobile, a processor, a prompting device and a trip computer. The processor is respectively connected with the gravity sensors and is used for calculating and converting all acceleration values detected by all the gravity sensors to corresponding automobile bumping state data and / or unstable state data, judging that the automobile is located in the dangerous state currently and generating corresponding alarm prompting instructions. The prompting device is connected with the processor. The trip computer controls to open an automobile alarm indication lamp according to the alarm prompting instructions. The device or the method can timely monitor the automobile driving state, assists automobile drivers to operate safely, and greatly improves driving safety.

An interior rearview mirror system for use in a vehicle includes a mirror support assembly for attachment to the interior of a vehicle. The mirror support assembly comprises a first electronic accessory such as an imaging sensor. A reflective mirror element is disposed in a housing, the housing being pivotally adjustable about the mirror support assembly via a pivot element. The housing includes second and third electronic accessories at least partially controlled by a microprocessor. The mirror support assembly preferably includes a wire passageway for wires passing into the housing for the reflective mirror element. The second and third electronic accessories may be a headlamp controller and automatic dimming circuitry, or may be selected from a variety of other devices such as a garage door opener, an INTERNET interface, a video device, a trip computer, a light, or other items. The mirror assembly may also be in wireless communication with an external device.

The invention provides an integrated type car-mounted display control system. The integrated type car-mounted display control system comprises an instrument display assembly, an entertainment touch screen assembly, a head-raising display assembly, an air conditioning panel, a whole car detection interface, a power driving interface of an air conditioner and a trip computer; and input ports and power driving interfaces of the instrument display assembly and the head-raising display assembly are connected to an output port of the trip computer, the whole car detection interface is connected with an input port of the trip computer, and an input and output port of the entertainment touch screen assembly and the air conditioning panel are connected with an input and output port of the trip computer. According to the integrated type car-mounted display control system, processing of instrument display, processing of head-raising display, processing of entertainment touch control and display and processing of an air conditioner are integrated into the trip computer, repeated modules of different functional modules can be omitted, and the integration level of the system is improved.

The invention provides a vehicle-mounted integrated navigation method. The vehicle-mounted integrated navigation method comprises the steps of respectively acquiring satellite signal information and vehicle angle changing information; resolving a satellite signal to obtain position and speed information of a current vehicle; obtaining real-time angle speed information by the vehicle angle changing information; and outputting corresponding information to a vehicle-mounted terminal to use. The vehicle-mounted integrated navigation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: acquiring vehicle speed information of a driving computer by an OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) and carrying out comparison and selection on the speed information resolved by the satellite signal and the OBD vehicle speed information; and if the received satellite signal is not good, outputting the OBD vehicle speed information. According to the method, on the basis of not increasing the cost of hardware, the continuity and the reliability of an integrated navigation system are guaranteed to the great extent. Meanwhile, the invention further provides a vehicle-mounted integrated navigation system.

The invention discloses an electric automobile charging port structure, which comprises a charging chamber, a chamber cover, a charging port, a charging socket, air sacs, an air pump, an inflation pipe, seal covers and an air pump controller. The charging chamber is formed by a bottom plate and four side plates; the charging port is formed in the bottom plate of the charging chamber; each air saccomprises a sac body and an air sac port formed in the front side of the sac body made of silicon rubber, and the bottom edge of each sac body and the peripheral edge of the bottom plate are hermetically connected; the air pump is arranged on the rear side of the charging chamber; the seal covers cover the air sac ports in an openable and closable manner; after a trip computer monitors that charging of an automobile rechargeable battery is finished for certain time, the air pump controller controls the air pump to inflate the air sacs; when the seal covers cover the air sac ports, the air sacsare inflated through the air pump to expand to form an air layer outside the charging socket. The electric automobile charging port structure has the advantage that by isolation protection of the charging socket, the charging socket is protected from bad influences caused by water or moisture.

The invention relates to an editable type automobile combined rear lamp system. The editable type automobile combined rear lamp system comprises a combined rear lamp system, a control module and an input terminal, wherein the input terminal is a colorful display screen of an automobile central console driving computer; the combined rear lamp system comprises an LED illuminant integrated circuit plate; a plurality of LED lamp beads are integrally arranged on the LED illuminant integrated circuit plate; one pin of each of the LED lamp beads is connected with an output end of the control module, so that output signals of the control module are in one-to-one correspondence with each of the LED lamp beads to control the lighting frequency, the extinguishing frequency and the flashing frequency of each of the LED lamp beads; and the input end of the control module receives output information of the colorful display screen of the automobile central console driving computer, signals outputted by a vehicle steering wheel, signals outputted by a brake pedal and signals outputted by a failure button. According to the editable type automobile combined rear lamp system disclosed by the invention, autonomous definition and autonomous editing of the rear lamp system can be realized to meet actual needs of different drivers, and the editable type automobile combined rear lamp system is simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost.

The invention discloses a system for reversely reconstructing the scene of a vehicle accident. A trip computer data acquisition unit (1) is connected with a speed sensor, an accelerator / brake operation sensor and a steering wheel steering sensor and is connected with a central processing unit (CPU) data integrated unit (2) through a wireless technology; the CPU data integrated unit (2) is connected with a global positioning system (GPS) / compass navigation system and a camera, and is connected with a server (3) through a third-generation / fourth-generation (3G / 4G) network; the server (3) is connected with a display device. The system has the advantages that the accident is traced by strict time alignment of video information and trip track / trip operation information; the trip track can be traced by virtue of a GPS / compass positioning function; a trip path before and after the accident happens can be completely traced, so that labor and material resources for scene survey can be saved to a large extent.

The invention discloses an automobile economical cruise control method and device. The control method comprises the following steps that a vehicle fuel consumption model and a vehicle longitudinal dynamics model are established, a vehicle speed optimization target is established, and the economical cruise speed is solved; pavement adhesion coefficient estimation is carried out on an electronic control unit, and a corresponding economical cruise speed is determined according to the estimated adhesion coefficient of the current pavement; the economical cruise speed corresponding to the discreteposition is converted into the economical cruise speed corresponding to the discrete time; and a model prediction controller is used for carrying out vehicle speed tracking control. According to the method, the travelling safety and the fuel economy can be considered under a complex pavement with the road gradient and pavement adhesion coefficient which keep changing all the time.