47results about How to "Friction is generated" patented technology

A robotic control system is placed in clutch mode so that a slave manipulator holding a surgical instrument is temporarily disengaged from control by a master manipulator in order to allow manual positioning of the surgical instrument at a surgical site within a patient. Control systems implemented in a processor compensate for internally generated frictional and inertial resistance experienced during the positioning, thereby making movement more comfortable to the mover, and stabler from a control standpoint. Each control system drives a joint motor in the slave manipulator with a saturated torque command signal which has been generated to compensate for non-linear viscous forces, coulomb friction, cogging effects, and inertia forces subjected to the joint, using estimated joint angular velocities, accelerations and externally applied torques generated by an observer in the control system from sampled displacement measurements received from a sensor associated with the joint.

In an air-metal fuel cell battery (FCB) system, wherein a plurality of movable cathode structures are mounted within a compact housing through which metal-fuel tape is transported along a predetermined path while an ionically-conductive medium is disposed between the metal-fuel tape and each movable cathode structure at points of contact. In illustrative embodiments, the movable cathode structures are realized as rotatable cathode cylinders, and transportable cathode belts. The ionically-conductive medium is realized as a solid-state ionically-conductive film applied to the cathode structures and / or metal-fuel tape, as well as ionically-conductive belt structures transported at the same velocity as corresponding cathode structures (e.g. cathode cylinders or belts) at the locus of points at which the ionically-conductive medium contacts the moving cathode structure and the moving metal-fuel tape. By virtue of the present invention, the volumetric power density characteristics of FCB systems can be significantly improved, while the likelihood of damage to the cathode structures and metal-fuel tape is substantially reduced.

A vehicle brake shoe assembly (10) having a rigid backing plate (12) incorporating a plurality of extensions (100) which project through the brake friction material matrix (22) to the outer friction surface (24) of the brake shoe assembly (10). Each extension (100) is configured to cooperate with the brake friction material matrix (22) to engage a surface of an opposing friction element (28) simultaneously with the friction material (22), increasing the static and dynamic friction performance of the assembly (10) during initial use beyond that achieved from the application of either the brake friction material (22) or the projections (100) alone.

Methods and apparatus of sealing bottles with Roll-on Pilfer Proof (ROPP) closures and providing tamper evidence are provided. More specifically, the present invention relates to novel ROPP closures that may be used to seal a bottle shaped container which can subsequently receive a tamper evidence device. The bottle can have a neck portion formed without a skirt portion. Optionally, the bottle can include an annular ring. The ROPP closure generally includes a body portion. In one embodiment, the body portion has a curl. A tamper evidence device can be applied to a bottle sealed with a ROPP closure by a capping apparatus. The tamper evidence device may be visually altered when the ROPP closure is rotated in an opening direction. In one embodiment, the ROPP closure cannot be rotated while the tamper evidence device is associated with the bottle. In another embodiment, the tamper evidence device includes at least one protrusion which extends inwardly at least partially into the bottle annular ring.

An image pickup device driving apparatus including an image pickup device holding portion for holding an image pickup device with an image pickup surface directed to a predetermined direction and capable of moving in an optical axis direction; a movable portion provided facing the image pickup device holding portion and capable of moving with respect to the image pickup device holding portion; three inclined portions provided on a surface of any one of the movable portion and the image pickup device holding portion, which faces the other; three spheres provided on a surface of the other of the movable portion and the image pickup device holding portion, which faces the three inclined portions, in a way in which they are respectively brought into contact with the three inclined portions; and a driving portion for moving the movable portion so as to change positions in which the three inclined portions and the three spheres are brought into contact with each other and to move the image pickup device held in the image pickup device holding portion in the optical axis direction with the surface direction of the image pickup surface maintained.

A device for trapping space debris with at least one rope-like trap for space debris is provided. The trap includes an end piece configured for being wound around space debris or parts thereof. The rope-like trap is further configured in such a manner that upon contact with the space debris, it can generate a friction that is sufficient for towing the space debris.

In an air-metal fuel cell battery (FCB) system, wherein a plurality of movable cathode structures are mounted within a compact housing through which metal-fuel tape is transported along a predetermined path while an ionically-conductive medium is disposed between the metal-fuel tape and each movable cathode structure at points of contact. In illustrative embodiments, the movable cathode structures are realized as rotatable cathode cylinders, and transportable cathode belts. The ionically-conductive medium is realized as a solid-state ionically-conductive film applied to the cathode structures and / or metal-fuel tape, as well as ionically-conductive belt structures transported at the same velocity as corresponding cathode structures (e.g. cathode cylinders or belts) at the locus of points at which the ionically-conductive medium contacts the moving cathode structure and the moving metal-fuel tape. By virtue of the present invention, the volumetric power density characteristics of FCB systems can be significantly improved, while the likelihood of damage to the cathode structures and metal-fuel tape is substantially reduced.

Disclosed herein is a heel protector including a body member made of a flexible fabric material for being worn on the feet and an inner pad member coupled to an inside of the body member for accommodation to an area where a heel is located when the heel protector is worn. Both distal ends of a longitudinal direction of the inner pad member are coupled to the body member, and two areas of the inner pad member accommodated to both lateral sections of the heel are coupled to the body member, such that the inner pad member can relatively slide in relation to the body member when the heel protector is worn. Friction generated on the heels while walking can be subdued by the inner pad member to thereby prevent formation of calluses or blisters, and manufacturing process can be simplified to reduce the manufacturing cost.

A photomask positioning apparatus comprises a positioning device having a base, one end of which comprises a bended fixed portion connected to a bottom of the containing space and the other of which is away from the fixed portion comprises a bended positioning portion such that a photomask can be positioned between the positioning portion set at the two sides of the containing space.

The positioning hinge has a pintle, a leaf assembly and a positioning element. The pintle is mounted in the leaf assembly and is connected with the positioning element. The leaf assembly has a surface, and the positioning element rubs against the positioning element to generate a growing friction. When the pintle and the leaf assembly are mounted to a cover and a body respectively, the growing friction generated by the positioning element and the leaf assembly makes the cover to be positioned at a desired position relative to the body.

The size and production costs of an optical microscope apparatus capable of blocking light or maintaining the specimen environment are reduced. The provided optical microscope apparatus includes a microscope that has a stage for mounting a specimen A, a transmission-illumination optical system, and an detection optical system; and a housing that surrounds the microscope, wherein the housing includes a fixed housing, and a movable housing, wherein, among optical parts constituting the transmission-illumination optical system and the image-forming optical system, at least some optical parts disposed above the stage are movable, and wherein a switching mechanism is provided, the switching mechanism being configured to retract the optical parts away from above the stage when the movable housing is disposed in an open position relative to the fixed housing and to substantially align the optical axes of both optical systems when the movable housing is disposed in a closed position relative to the fixed housing.

An automatically rotating sponge apparatus for facilitating reaching and cleaning in hard to reach places comprising an extendable rod having disposed at one end a rotating attaching member, a motor, and a switch for actuating the motor, wherein attaching member is configured to attach and hold a conventional sponge and the attaching member is connected to the motor such that it rotates about its center axis by the motor when the motor is actuated. In this manner, the rotating sponge apparatus allows a conventional sponge being held by the attaching member to be extended beyond arms reach the length of the extendable rod and automatically rotated to generate cleaning action friction.

A vehicle brake shoe assembly (10) having a rigid backing plate (12) incorporating a plurality of extensions (100) which project through the brake friction material matrix (22) to the outer friction surface (24) of the brake shoe assembly (10). Each extension (100) is configured to cooperate with the brake friction material matrix (22) to engage a surface of an opposing friction element (28) simultaneously with the friction material (22), increasing the static and dynamic friction performance of the assembly (10) during initial use beyond that achieved from the application of either the brake friction material (22) or the projections (100) alone.

An image forming apparatus which is capable of reducing downtime while preventing generation of friction between an image carrier and a belt member when the image carrier or the belt member is replaced. Whether or not a photosensitive drum should be replaced is determined based on usage conditions of the photosensitive drum, and when it is determined that the photosensitive drum should be replaced, a separating operation of separating an intermediate transfer belt from the photosensitive drum is carried out after an image formed on the intermediate transfer belt is transferred to a recording medium. When it is not determined that the photosensitive drum should be replaced, the separating operation is not carried out after the image formed on the intermediate transfer belt is transferred to the recording medium.

An interbody spinal implant and a process of producing the implant. The implant includes an integration surface having a roughened surface topography as at least part of the top surface, bottom surface, or both surfaces. The integration surface comprises at least one or more of (a) a plurality of grains; (b) intergranular boundaries between the plurality of grains; and (c) unsatisfied chemical bonds. The integration surface may be produced by texturing a surface by chemical processes, mechanical processes, or both to provide the plurality of grains and intergranular boundaries and chemically etching the surface to provide unsatisfied chemical bonds. In addition, the plurality of grains and the intergranular boundaries may etch at different or non-uniform etch rates.

A lubrication apparatus of a fuel pump driven by a fuel pump drive cam, which lubricates a tappet moving reciprocally at an interior circumference of a fuel pump adaptor and the fuel pump operating the tappet, may include a cylinder head provided with a camshaft, an oil supplying passage formed in the camshaft as a hollow type so as to take oil to the interior of the camshaft, at least an oil branch passage formed to a cam lobe of the fuel pump drive cam so as to be communicated with the oil supplying passage, and a circular groove formed at the interior circumference of the fuel pump adaptor and corresponding to an injection direction of the oil supplied from the at least an oil branch passage.

A camera module includes first to third lens groups; a first mover configured to move the second lens group in the optical-axis direction; a second mover configured to move the third lens group in the optical-axis direction; a base accommodating the first mover and the second mover; a support ball disposed to be in rolling contact with the first mover, the second mover, and the base, the support ball supporting movement of the first mover and the second mover relative to the base; a driving magnet coupled to each of the first mover and the second mover; and a coil part coupled to the base, the coil part being disposed to face the driving magnet, and wherein an entirety of a surface of the driving magnet that faces the moving coil serves as a first pole.

A motor structure with a built-in lens includes a lens mount (10), a motor (30) received in the lens mount, and a lens unit (50) received in the lens mount and driven by the motor to telescopically move along an axial thereof. The motor includes a stator (32) and a rotor (34) being rotatably received in the stator. A narrow gap is defined between an inner surface of the stator and an outer surface of the rotor. A bearing layer (36) is filled in the gap of the motor to avoid swing of the rotor during rotation thereof. The lens unit threadedly engages with the rotor, whereby when the rotor rotates, the lens unit has a linearly telescopic movement relative to the lens mount.

An apparatus (1) for guiding a flexible member (6) comprising a drum (4) mounted for rotation about a drum axis (5) and a pulley (2) mounted for rotation about a pulley axis (3), the drum and pulley axes being inclined. The apparatus defines a path for the flexible member including first and second drum wrap portions (7,9) on axially spaced first and second fixed drum diametric planes, a pulley wrap portion (8) on a fixed pulley diametric plane, and first and second connecting portions (7a, 7b). The arrangement is such that the connecting portions (7a, 7b) lie on the respective first and second drum diametric planes and both lie on the pulley diametric plane. As the drum (4) and pulley (2) rotate with the flexible member (6) in use, the arrangement is such that the first and second drum wrap portions (7,9) remain on the fixed drum diametric planes and the pulley portion of wrap (8) remains on the fixed diametrical plane of the pulley. The apparatus reduces slippage of the flexible member (6) and associated wear.

A camera module includes first to third lens groups; a first mover configured to move the second lens group in the optical-axis direction; a second mover configured to move the third lens group in the optical-axis direction; a base accommodating the first mover and the second mover; a support ball disposed to be in rolling contact with the first mover, the second mover, and the base, the support ball supporting movement of the first mover and the second mover relative to the base; a driving magnet coupled to each of the first mover and the second mover; and a coil part coupled to the base, the coil part being disposed to face the driving magnet, and wherein an entirety of a surface of the driving magnet that faces the moving coil serves as a first pole.

In a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine, an amount of electricity to be generated by an alternator (a target charging voltage) is set based on a vapor concentration of vaporized fuel when a purge execution condition is met for purging the vaporized fuel collected by a canister, whereby a fluctuation in rotation in an idling operation state is suppressed, an appropriate purging treatment of the vaporized fuel is allowed, and the drivability is improved.

An apparatus (1) for guiding a flexible member (6) comprising a drum (4) mounted for rotation about a drum axis (5) and a pulley (2) mounted for rotation about a pulley axis (3), the drum and pulley axes being inclined. The apparatus defines a path for the flexible member including first and second drum wrap portions (7,9) on axially spaced first and second fixed drum diametric planes, a pulley wrap portion (8) on a fixed pulley diametric plane, and first and second connecting portions (7a, 7b). The arrangement is such that the connecting portions (7a, 7b) lie on the respective first and second drum diametric planes and both lie on the pulley diametric plane. As the drum (4) and pulley (2) rotate with the flexible member (6) in use, the arrangement is such that the first and second drum wrap portions (7,9) remain on the fixed drum diametric planes and the pulley portion of wrap (8) remains on the fixed diametrical plane of the pulley. The apparatus reduces slippage of the flexible member (6) and associated wear.

A handle height adjusting mechanism includes: a coupling member disposed on a handle tube of a stroller; an actuating member disposed movably on the handle tube, and coupled to the coupling member for driving movement thereof; an engaging member connected to the coupling member; and a resilient member coupled to the coupling member for biasing the coupling member to a first position, where the engaging member engages the selected positioning hole to arrest movement of the handle tube relative to the frame tube. The actuating member is operable to move the coupling member to a second position against biasing action of the resilient member, such that the engaging member is removed from the selected positioning hole so as to permit movement of the handle tube relative to the frame tube.

A lubrication apparatus of a fuel pump driven by a fuel pump drive cam, which lubricates a tappet moving reciprocally at an interior circumference of a fuel pump adaptor and the fuel pump operating the tappet, may include a cylinder head provided with a camshaft, an oil supplying passage formed in the camshaft as a hollow type so as to take oil to the interior of the camshaft, at least an oil branch passage formed to a cam lobe of the fuel pump drive cam so as to be communicated with the oil supplying passage, and a circular groove formed at the interior circumference of the fuel pump adaptor and corresponding to an injection direction of the oil supplied from the at least an oil branch passage.