The invention relates to a
microscope (100) having a transmitted illumination device (10) for critical illumination of an object (O) to be viewed, comprising:a
light source (20) comprising an LED arrangement having a light emitting surface;a light directing unit (30, 30′) comprising a
collimator (35, 35′) and a reflective enveloping surface (34, 34′), both of them for aligning light coupled into the light directing unit (30, 30′), also comprising an outcoupling surface (32, 32′), the outcoupling surface (32, 32′) possessing an outcoupling surface dimension (D), the light emitting surface of the
light source (20) being smaller than the outcoupling surface (32, 32′) of the light directing unit (30, 30′), the light directing unit (30, 30′) being arranged in such a way that light emitted from the
light source (20) is coupled in, and is coupled out from the outcoupling surface (32, 32′);a condenser (40) between the outcoupling surface (32, 32′) of the light directing unit (30, 30′) and the object (O) to be viewed, the condenser having an aperture (41) having an aperture dimension (A) and being arranged so that the aperture (41) is completely irradiated with the light coupled out from the outcoupling surface (32, 32′).