The invention discloses a steering stability control system and method based on a four-wheel independent driving electric vehicle. The system comprises an external monitoring module and a central control module; the external monitoring module comprises four pressure sensors, a road surface environmental sensor, four tire road detectors, a steering wheel rotation angle sensor, a yaw velocity sensorand a speed sensor, and the central control module comprises an instability device and an emergency processing execution system. According to the steering stability control system and method, factorssuch as a real-time friction factor and dynamic load transfer are considered at the same time, the ideal rotation angle and ideal yaw velocity which continuously change under the real-time state arecalculated, an ideal value is tracked, the problem is solved that the stability control system cannot change along with the state to conduct control adjustment, and accordingly the control system is more accurate, practical and available. According to the steering stability control system and method, steering instability is divided into two steps of rotation angle adjustment and yawing moment adjustment, a tracking algorithm and a neural network PID algorithm are combined and applied to rotation angle stability control, and the steering stability is greatly improved.