856results about How to "Improve bearing strength" patented technology

A water trampoline includes an air cushion having predetermined size and buoyancy; a supporting ring detachably connected to a top surface of the air cushion, and including a lower ring having a diameter corresponding to that of the top surface of the air cushion, and an upper ring located above the lower ring by a predetermined height; and a jumping bed tightly stretched over the upper ring by a plurality of radially extended elastic elements. The jumping bed is located above the air cushion instead of in a central open space thereof, and therefore has effectively increased surface area and largely enhanced bearing strength to enable safer and more durable use of the water trampoline.

The present invention is sludge curing agent and its application, and belongs to the field of soil treating chemicals technology. The sludge curing agent includes powdered components and liquid components, the powdered components include cement clinker 30-60 weight portions, slag 30-60 weight portions, lime 3-8 weight portions, gypsum 1-7 weight portions and other sulfates 1-7 weight portions; and the liquid components include polyacrylamide 5-30 weight portions, polyaluminum chloride 0-20 weight portions, mannitol 0-30 weight portions, lignosulfonate 20-80 weight portions, lignosulfonate-iron or chromium ion complex 0-30 weight portions, alkylphenol ethoxylate 0.2-2 weight portions, tannin 0-10 weight portions, humate 0-10 weight portions, and alpa-olefin sulfonate 0.2-2.5 weight portions. The sludge curing agent has low cost, small consumption, high cumulate strength and high cumulate water tolerance, and may be applied widely.

The invention discloses a rapidly degradable magnesium alloy material. The material comprises the following components: elements such as Al, Li, Ca, Y, Si, Ni, Cu and Fe. The invention also discloses a preparation method and the application of the rapidly degradable magnesium alloy material. Compared with the prior art, the rapidly degradable magnesium alloy material has the advantages that the problems of failure in resisting high temperatures and failure in meeting high-temperature and high-bearing operation requirements of the existing easily degradable materials or easily degradable magnesium alloy materials and products thereof are solved, meanwhile, the material is controllable in density, the slag or the corrosion product of the material meets the requirements of flowback operations, and multiple technical effects of simplicity and high efficiency, low cost, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like can be achieved.

The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering construction, in particular to a control method of surrounding rocks in water-rich very-broken surrounding rock tunnel collapse sections. According to the control method, problems in the existing methods that managing circle is long, reinforcing range and effect are bad, secondary geological disasters are triggered easily because of deformation and cracking of exceeding clearance limit of preliminary bracing and the like are solved. The method includes the following steps: searching and analyzing factors leading to collapse and disaster degree, stabilizing exposed face of an accumulation body and dewatering and decompressing deep parts, strengthening supporting intensity in the collapse sections and influencing areas, outburst prevention filling and strengthening the collapse accumulation body, grouting reinforcing asymmetrical peripheral curtains, confirming an excavating method in grouting reinforcing collapse sections and primary supporting patterns, replenishing grouting in parts, excavating inverted arches, and constructing second liners. The control method of surrounding rocks in water-rich very-broken surrounding rock tunnel collapse sections has the advantages that collapse disposing construction period of water-rich very-broken surrounding rock tunnels is shortened, reinforcing range and intensity of the surrounding rocks are guaranteed, grouting reinforcement is fully conducted on the surrounding rocks in direct collapse areas, deformation in the preliminary bracing is relieved, occurrence of the exceeding clearance limit and the secondary geological disasters is avoided, disposing quality of collapse accidents is improved effectively, and good social benefit and economical benefit are created.

The invention provides a multi-element synergic plugging agent and application thereof. The multi-element synergic plugging agent comprises the component 1 or the component 2, wherein the component 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of rigid particles, 15-20 parts of a flexible material, 15-20 parts of an ultrafine filling material, and 15-20 parts of an expansive type polymer: the component 2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of rigid particles, 10-25 parts of a flexible material, 10-25 parts of an ultrafine filling material, and 10-30 parts of an expansive type polymer. The multi-element synergic plugging agent disclosed by the invention combines the rigid material with the flexible material, incorporates the elastoplasticity, fully utilizes the synergistic function of the materials, can effectively plug the cracks with different widths, has the performances of high bearing strength, high temperature resistance, deformability and strong binding powder of the cracked stratum, and can be applied to the leaking stoppage operation for the drilling engineering to solve the leakage problem at different degrees.

The invention relates to a pesticide spraying device, in particular to an efficient pesticide spraying device for pineapple planting, aiming at providing an efficient pesticide spraying device, which is high in spraying efficiency, uniform in spraying, large in spray range and good in damping effect, for pineapple planting. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the efficient pesticide spraying device for pineapple planting. The efficient pesticide spraying device comprises a trolley, a right side plate, a guide plate, a spring, a placement plate, a sliding rail, a sliding block, a rolling shaft, a lifting rod, a movable block, a support rod, a guide sleeve, a guide rod, a bearing seat, and the like, wherein the support rod, the sliding rail and the right side plate are sequentially arranged on the trolley from left to right; the guide plate is arranged in the middle of the left side of the right side plate, and a guide hole is formed in the guide plate. The efficient pesticide spraying device fully utilizes the energy of the up and down vibration, caused by the unevenness of the ground in a process of pushing the trolley on a farmland, of an iron pesticide box; due to the buffer action of the spring, a damping effect is achieved.

The invention discloses a dissoluble degrading temporary blocking ball for a temporarily blocking perforation blast hole and a preparation method thereof, wherein the temporary blocking ball mainly consists of a dissoluble polymer casing and a spherical core body covered by the dissoluble polymer casing, wherein a forming material of the casing is polyvinyl alcohol or polycaprolactone; a forming material of the spherical core body is any one kind of materials from polyglycolic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid and poly (lactic-glycolic acid). The dissolution / degradation performance is good; no selection is needed on the dissolution / degradation water quality environment; the application range to the geographical environment and the temperature environment is wide; good pressure bearing intensity, good elastic deformation capability and good blast hole sealing performance are realized; the adaptation to the fracturing acidification temporarily blocking of an ordinary low-temperature oil gas well is realized; the fracturing acidification temporarily blocking technical requirements of high-temperature deep wells can also be effectively met; excellent flexibility and reliabilityare realized during the operation; the application prospects are good.

A cell scaffold based on natural nanofibers for tissue engineering is prepared through immersing the natural fibrous material in solvent, ultrasonic decomposing to obtain natural nanofibers, cross-linking with natural high-molecular solution to become gel, pre-freezing, and freeze-drying.

A sensor capable of increasing an electric signal output therefrom by inhibiting an electrode plate from vibration is obtained. This sensor comprises a diaphragm provided in a vibrative manner, an electrode plate, opposed to the diaphragm at a prescribed distance, having a hole and a support made of a material having an elastic modulus higher than the elastic modulus of a material constituting the electrode plate for supporting the electrode plate. The support is so formed as to cover at least two of the upper surface and the lower surface of the electrode plate and the side surface of the hole.

The invention discloses high-temperature-resistant high-strength low-density well-cementing cement slurry. The high-temperature-resistant high-strength low-density well-cementing cement slurry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of G-level oil well cement, 15-76 parts of a lightening admixture, 20-40 parts of micro-silicon, 2-10 parts of a fluid loss agent, 1-8 parts of a dispersing agent, 0-5 parts of a retarder, 0-1.25 parts of a coagulant, 0-5 parts of an anti-fluid-channeling agent, 0.2-0.8 part of an antifoaming agent and 50-120 parts of fresh water, wherein the G-level oil well cement is high sulfate-resistant oil well cement, the lightening admixture is high-performance hollow glass beads. According to the grain grading principle, a series of low-density well-cementing cement slurries with densities of 0.90-1.50g / m<3> are prepared. The low-density well-cementing cement slurry can be used for lowering the density of the cement slurry on the premise of guaranteeing comprehensive performances such as cement slurry strength, good high-temperature high-pressure stability and low water loss, increasing the scope of application of the low-density cement slurry in complex wells such as a deep well, an ultra-deep well and a low-pressure easy-leakage well, and improving the well-cementing quality.

The invention discloses a fiber-woven flexible composite traction belt for an elevator and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises the weaving mode of a fiber woven belt, the manufacturing method of the fiber-woven flexible composite traction belt and the manufacturing method of plastic coating layers. The composite traction belt is formed by weaving steel wires or synthetic fibers; closely adhered plastic coating layers are arranged at the periphery and the internal part of the composite traction belt; and the plastic coating layers are made of elastic thermoplastic plastic. The fiber woven belt (1) is in synthetic fiber weaving, and comprises any one material of aromatic polyamide fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers or carbon fibers, or is formed by weaving an optional combination of the aromatic polyamide fibers, the glass fibers, the ceramic fibers and the carbon fibers. The plastic coating layers protect the fiber woven belt from being worn and maintain the woven belt in a tensioned state. The fiber woven belt is in the form of a tiled flat belt, and has the advantages of flat belt structure, higher fatigue resisting performance after long-time bending, longer service life, lighter weight and higher bearing strength.

The invention discloses a drilling pressure-bearing plugging agent for oil-gas wells. The drilling pressure-bearing plugging agent is a mixture of an elastic sponge fiber, oil well cement, grounded slag, calcium bentonite, mica powder and clean water. The drilling pressure-bearing plugging agent can be applied to drilling pressure-bearing plugging of the oil-gas wells. The invention also provides a preparation method of the drilling pressure-bearing plugging agent. The plugging agent disclosed by the invention can effectively plug fractured leakage formation and macroscopic permeable leakage formation, and the plugging agent is high in pressure-bearing plugging strength, strong in formation adaptability, safe to construct, and easy to construct on the scene, and the formula is reduced.

The invention discloses a high-hydrostatic-pressure low-frequency calibrating cavity and a testing method thereof. The high-hydrostatic-pressure low-frequency calibrating cavity mainly comprises a metal cavity, a transmitting transducer, a reciprocal transducer, a manual pressure pump and a pressure gauge, wherein the metal cavity is a cylindrical closed stainless steel cavity, sound bearing media fill the metal cavity, the transmitting transducer, the reciprocal transducer and a to-be-tested hydrophone are mounted in the metal cavity, and the transmitting transducer and the reciprocal transducer are symmetrically mounted on two sides in the metal cavity; the manual pressure pump is communicated with the metal cavity through a liquid inlet valve and is used for applying high hydrostatic pressure into the metal cavity, and the liquid inlet valve is used for communicating or separating the metal cavity with or from the manual pressure pump; a liquid draining hole in the metal cavity is communicated with a liquid draining valve, and the pressure gauge is used for monitoring the pressure in the metal cavity. The high-hydrostatic-pressure low-frequency calibrating cavity has the beneficial effects that the low-frequency receiving sensitivity of the to-be-tested hydrophone can be tested by comparing the hydrophone with the reciprocal transducer.

The invention relates to a special engineering material for reinforcement and a preparing method therefor. The special engineering material for reinforcement is composed of a component A and a component B, and the volume ratio between the component A and the component B ranges from 1:4 to 4:1. The component A comprises, by weight, 30-80 parts of polyether polyol, 5-25 parts of polyester polyol, 1-20 parts of a chain extender, 5-20 parts of a fire retardant, 5-10 parts of a plasticizer, and 0.2-6 parts of a catalyst. The component B comprises isocyanate and / or a modified derivative of the isocyanate. Compared with a conventional material, the special engineering material for reinforcement has greatly reduced cost, has greatly reduced reaction temperature, and is of improved flame resistance, and a polyurethane consolidating product obtained after a mixing reaction is characterized by super-high mechanical properties, low deformation, high bearing strength and high tensile strength. The deformation is within 10%, the bearing strength can reach more than 70 MPa, and the tensile strength is greater than 16 MPa.

The invention relates to an aluminum alloy house. Aluminum alloy stand columns are arranged on the periphery and the inner ring of the house at intervals. Aluminum alloy beams are connected to the middle positions, in the height direction, of the aluminum alloy beams on the periphery and the inner ring of the house in a longitudinal and transverse segmented mode to form structures of the bottom layer and the second layer of the aluminum alloy house. Roof supporting columns are arranged on the aluminum alloy beams of the second layer. A roof is arranged on the roof supporting columns and the aluminum alloy stand columns. Three inwards-concave vertical face aluminum alloy combined wall plates are arranged in the middle of the aluminum alloy house in the foresight direction. An aluminum alloy gate is arranged in the middle of the front vertical face aluminum alloy combined wall plate, and therefore an inwards-concave space is formed in the aluminum alloy gate. Reverse Y-shaped sectional structures are arranged on the two sides of the roof. The front portion and the rear portion of the middle part of the roof are each in a slope shape. The two ends of each slope shape are connected with the middle rear portions of the reverse Y shapes on the two sides respectively. The aluminum alloy house is simple and firm in arrangement and connection structure, short in construction period, convenient to install, high in roof bearing strength and excellent in anti-seismic property.

The invention relates to a plugging agent suitable for large leakage, its preparation method and a leaking stopping technology. The invention is suitable for repeatable large leakage, belonging to the field of petroleum drilling. The plugging agent comprises the following ingredients by the following weight ratio: clear water: HSD (HHH): HD-1: HD-2: LD-102: DF-A: barite = 100: 12-15: 4-5: 7-8: 4-5: 30. According to the invention, by reinforcing the interaction among ingredients, maximizing the structural strength of the plugging agent entering a leak layer, maintaining the trend that the leak layer is gradually enhanced with time after injecting the plugging agent in the leak layer, and further increasing the pressure bearing capacity of the leak layer, the leakage problem of a repeatable return-lost large-scale absorption well can be solved, the problem of leaking stopping existing in the prior art can be overcome, and the one-time leak stopping success rate is increased.

The invention provides a flat heat tube used for cooling a high-power electronic device, which comprises a frame of the flat heat tube, wherein, the upper end surface of the frame is provided with a cooling surface. The flat heat tube is characterized in that: an inner fin is arranged in the frame of the flat heat tube, and is positioned between the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the frame; the inner fin separates the inner space of the frame into a plurality of poroid channels; the inside of the frame is a vacuum structure and is filled with liquid working substance; the lower end surface of the flat heat tube is directly connected with a heat emitting surface of the electronic device; a fan is arranged above the upper end surface of the flat heat tube so as to disperse heat into atmosphere by the mode of forced convection. The flat heat tube has the characteristics of super thinness, high efficiency and large heat transfer capacity, and can replace an oscillating heat tube and a common heat tube.

The invention discloses a water-insensitive polyurethane injecting paste material, and a preparation method thereof. The water-insensitive polyurethane injecting paste material comprises a component A and a component B at a volume ratio of 1:1-1:1.2; the component A is a mixture of polyhydric alcohol-modified methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate; and the component B is a mixture of a polyhydric alcohol, a plasticizer, a chain extender, a catalyst, a surfactant, and a foaming agent. According to the preparation method, the raw materials with excellent structures are selected, mixing of the raw materials at a certain ratio is carried out, and the water-insensitive polyurethane injecting paste material is provided with excellent water insensitivity because of physical and chemical synergistic effects of the raw materials, so that bearing capacity and durability of the water-insensitive polyurethane injecting paste material at a water-rich environment are improved greatly.

The invention relates to technical field of glass machinery, a freedom degree serial connection robot and automatic control, in particular to a multi-axis bridge frame type glass online stacking machine about a stacking manipulator. The multi-axis bridge frame type glass online stacking machine about the stacking manipulator comprises a manipulator control system, a vision positioning system and an application tool; the device is formed by a rack, a host, a multifunctional vacuum grabbing system, a vision positioning system, a rotary platform and a control system; the rack stretches over a glass production line and adopts a dual-door-shaped two-end cantilever structure; a walking crossbeam support is suspended on suspending support points of left and right side door-shaped frames; the host is arranged in the middle of the walking crossbeam support of the rack; the host is provided with a mechanical structure with a four-freedom-degree serial connection manipulator. A glass grabbing device is structurally formed by a horizontal walking shaft, a vertical lifting shaft, a first rotary shaft and a second rotary shaft. Compared with the prior art, the multi-axis bridge frame type glass online stacking machine about the stacking manipulator has the advantages that as four-freedom-degree serial connection manipulator structure is adopted, precise positioning is realized, the structure bearing capacity is increased, and the stability of the stacking machine is improved.

The invention discloses a macrostructure and microstructure controllable hydroxyapatite porous ceramic, a preparation method thereof and an application of the ceramic. The hydroxyapatite porous ceramic is subjected to 3D (three-dimensional) direct-writing to obtain a three-dimensional structure, and freeze pouring regulation is performed to obtain a microstructure porous structure. A raw materialA is added into a solvent containing dispersing agents and mixed with the solvent to obtain suspension liquid, and then gel is added into the suspension liquid and mixed with the suspension liquid toobtain slurry. The raw material A comprises hydroxyapatite powder, the slurry passes 3D direct-writing equipment and is controlled to be in a gel state when passing the direct-writing equipment, the slurry is printed and frozen to obtain a green body with a three-dimensional structure, and the green body is freeze-dried and sintered to obtain the macrostructure and microstructure controllable hydroxyapatite porous ceramic. Direct-writing and freeze pouring technologies are initiatively and efficiently combined, the obtained hydroxyapatite porous ceramic is used as a bone scaffold, and the customization requirements of different bone tissues can be met.

The invention discloses a tunnel pre-stressed restrained filling lining support system with yielding and energy-absorbing functions and a technology. The system includes multiple restrained filling lining bodies arranged along the circumference of a tunnel, and restrained yielding sleeves are connected between the restrained filling lining bodies. Each restrained filling lining body includes a restrained shell which has a filling body inside. Pre-stressed anchor bolts are installed in a penetrating manner along the outer arc surface and the inner arc surface of each restrained shell. A numberof anchor rope holes are arranged in the inner arc surfaces of the restrained shells. The pre-stressed anchor bolts are installed in a penetrating manner in the anchor rope holes by self-locking yielding trays. The pre-stressed anchor bolts are applied with a pre-stress and can produce radial compression on the restrained shells and the inner filling bodies thereof so that the pre-stressed anchorbolts, the restrained shells and the filling bodies constitute a composite bearing shell together. When the pressure on the external surrounding rock of the tunnel exceeds the yielding value set by the restrained yielding sleeves and the self-locking yielding trays, the whole lining support system can realize yielding and energy absorbing along the circumferential and radial directions of the tunnel.

A tubular handle for a manually guided implement, especially a power chain saw or the like, is provided. The handle has an essentially circular cross-section and at least one mounting portion for fixing the handle to the implement. In the area of the mounting portion, the circular cross-section is flattened to form an at least approximately planar abutment portion, beyond which a circular cross-sectional portion is retained. The abutment portion is provided for fixing the tubular handle to the implement.

The invention is a fire-retardant composite plastic and making method, which comprising basal material PVC, fillings light CaCO3, ultrafine asbestos powder, antishock modifier CPE, processing modifier ACR, surface processing agent stearic acid, heat stabilizers tribasic calcium stearate, and lead stearate, photostabilizer titanium pigment, and permanent flame retardant tri(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, proportionally, adding them in a hot-mix kneading machine for mechanically commixing modification, then discharging them into a cold mixer to cool to normal temperature, and obtaining the product. It has the advantages of reasonable mixing of raw materials, and simple and convenient preparing process.

A gear bearing having a first gear and a second gear, each having a plurality of teeth. Each gear operates on two non-parallel surfaces of the opposing gear teeth to perform both gear and bearing functions simultaneously. The gears are moving at substantially the same speed at their contact points. The gears may be roller gear bearings or phase-shifted gear bearings, and may be arranged in a planet / sun system or used as a transmission. One preferred embodiment discloses and describes an anti-backlash feature to counter “dead zones” in the gear bearing movement.

The invention provides a motor train unit body which comprises an underframe and a power system module suspended below the underframe. The underframe is provided with a maintenance port convenient to maintain the power system module. A passenger carriage floor is covered on the top surface of the underframe and around the maintenance port. The motor train unit body further comprises a maintenance door used for plugging the maintenance port. The maintenance door comprises a top plate, a reinforcing plate and a soundproof plate from the top to bottom, wherein the soundproof plate is used for proofing sound, the top plate, the reinforcing plate and the soundproof plate are fixedly connected integrally, the periphery of the top plate is jointed with the passenger carriage plate, and the top plate is detachably fixedly connected to the passenger carriage plate and / or the underframe. The maintenance port can be conveniently opened during maintaining and can be reliably plugged during normal running, carrying strength of the maintenance door and safety are improved, sealing and soundproof effect is good, noise transmitted to passenger carriages from the power system module can be reduced, and thereby noise in the passenger carriages is effectively reduced.

A composite bearing comprising a densified portion, wherein a hole location is positioned at the approximate center of said densified portion; and a plurality of filament tendrils, wherein the plurality of filament tendrils are configured to wrap around the hole location to create a “U” shape.

The invention relates to a small-sized soluble bridge plug. The small-sized soluble bridge plug comprises a central pipe and a compression sleeve sleeving the upper end of the central pipe and used for compressing a rubber cylinder; a limited C-shaped ring is sandwiched between the compression sleeve and the central pipe; the compression sleeve and the limited C-shaped ring are clamped and fixed by threads; the outer side wall of the central pipe is provided with a thread-like continuous protrusion along the compressed traveling direction of a compression assembly; the inner wall of the limited C-shaped ring is provided with a thread-like continuous groove engaged with the thread-like continuous protrusion. Compared with a traditional double-slip bridge plug, the matched structure of the compression sleeve and the limited C-shaped ring is fixed without expansion produced by relative movements of two components of an existing slip assembly, a setting stroke is greatly decreased, and setting by cable pumping is allowed; in addition, due to the omittion of one slip assembly, the use area on the central pipe is saved, rubber cylinder lengthening design is allowed, and accordingly the expansion degree of the rubber cylinder and improvement of setting capability with expansion increase are ensured.

The invention discloses a production method of an industrial-grade large-bunch carbon fiber composite high-pressure gas cylinder. The production method comprises the following steps of coating a polyurethane or epoxide resin layer on the surface of a metal bottle body, and solidifying; preparing epoxide resin immersion liquid, determining that the viscosity is 600-750 mPa.s, winding on the surface of the metal bottle body by directly using a carbon fiber material strip after the carbon fiber material strip is immersed through the epoxide resin immersion liquid, controlling the winding tension to be between 250 N and 50 N, and gradually diminishing; carrying out semi-solidification at 60-90 DEG C, and removing redundant epoxide resin; then solidifying at 120-180 DEG C to obtain a carbon fiber composite layer; finally preparing a glass steel protective layer on the surface of the solidified carbon fiber composite layer. The production method disclosed by the invention overcomes the defect of poor immersing effect of large-bunch carbon fibers by directly adopting the product-grade large-bunch carbon fiber material strip with better immersing effect, thereby enhancing the bearing strength of the wound carbon fiber composite layer.

According to one embodiment, a faucet hydroelectric generator includes: a cylinder portion including a supply water inflow port and a supply water outflow port and having a supply water flow channel formed therein; a bucket having a rotation center axis generally parallel to the supply water flow channel, and including a bucket blade provided in the supply water flow channel so as to be rotatable about the rotation center axis; a magnet rotatable integrally with the bucket; a coil configured to generate electromotive force by rotation of the magnet; a nozzle portion including a plurality of injection ports configured to cause incoming water flowing parallel to the rotation center axis to be squirted in a plane generally perpendicular to the rotation center axis from radially outside the bucket blade toward the bucket blade; and a lid provided at an upstream end of the bucket blade and configured to rotate integrally with the bucket blade. The lid includes a thrust reducer configured to reduce a thrust force applied to the bucket.

The invention relates to a power joint device. The device comprises a joint body, a power device and a measuring device; the measuring device comprises a first angular measuring device, the first angular measuring device comprises a first magnet and a first magnetic field induction circuit, the first magnet is connected with one end of a motor output shaft, and is close to a first motor cover plate, the first magnetic field induction circuit is arranged on the inner side of the first motor cover plate and is close to the first magnet, a motor rotates to drive the motor output shaft to rotate,and further drive the first magnet to rotate, and the first magnetic field induction circuit induces the rotating angle of the first magnet so as to measure the rotating angle of the motor. Through the first magnet and the first magnetic field induction circuit which are in the non-contact coupling manner, measuring of the motor rotating angle is achieved, mechanical friction losses are avoided, simpleness, lightness, thinness and low cost are achieved, compared with an existing integrated type encoder scheme, mechanical structural design complexity is greatly simplified, a magnetic field generated by the magnet is a static magnetic field, the environment interference influence is avoided, and reliability is high.