The invention relates to a pipeline plugging device. The pipeline plugging device comprises a supporting rod, an expansion ring and a sealing hood, wherein the right end of the supporting rod is provided with a fixed ring, and the middle portion of the supporting rod is provided with a sliding ring; the expansion ring comprises first arc-shaped parts and second arc-shaped parts which are alternately distributed in the circumferential direction, the first arc-shaped parts are provided with guiding portions, the side faces, corresponding to the two ends of the first arc-shaped parts, of the guiding portions are guiding faces, the guiding faces are provided with sliding grooves, the two side walls of the sliding grooves are provided with guiding holes, the guiding holes in the adjacent firstarc-shaped parts form shapes like a Chinese character 'ba', the second arc-shaped parts are provided with support lugs, the support lugs are correspondingly hinged to the fixed ring and the sliding ring through first connection rods and second connection rods, the two ends of the second arc-shaped parts are provided with sliding blocks located inside the sliding grooves correspondingly, and the two sides of the sliding blocks are provided with guiding columns located inside the guiding holes correspondingly; and the sealing hood is sleeved on the expansion ring from right to left and is fixedly connected with the first arc-shaped parts correspondingly. The pipeline plugging device has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to operate and control, reliable in plugging and high in adaptability, equal-diameter holes do not need to be arranged in a pipeline, and the operating efficiency is improved.