The invention provides an engine cooling system. The engine cooling system comprises an engine cylinder body, a cylinder body water sleeve, a cylinder cover water sleeve, a temperature conditioning device, a heating and ventilating device, an engine oil cooler and a water storing kettle. According to the engine cooling system, a switch is controlled based on the selection of the temperature conditioner, and the flowing direction of cooling water can be switched based on the load of an engine, so that rapid machine heating and oil consumption reducing can be realized; the cylinder cover water sleeve and the cylinder body water sleeve are connected in series in the engine cold starting stage, and the cooling water can be heated twice in one circulation, so that the temperature increasing speed of the cooling water is maximized; in addition, the oil cooler performs heat exchanging, so that the temperature of engine oil can be rapidly increased, the frictional power of the engine is reduced, and the oil consumption and emission can be reduced; the cylinder cover water sleeve and the cylinder body water sleeve are connected in parallel in the high-temperature engine heating and high-temperature stages, the water flow rate of the engine is increased to the maximum, and the water flow rate of the cylinder body and the cylinder cover can be controlled, so that the cylinder body and thecylinder cover can reach the optimal temperature, and as a result, engine knocking can be reduced, and the oil consumption can be decreased.