The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication and emergency communication, in particular to a backhaul link adaptive 5G emergency
base station communication method and
system, and an emergency
base station continuously monitors the state of a backhaul link with a 5G
core network; when the backhaul link is stable and available, the
base station works in a standard access mode to provide a conventional access service; when it is detected that a return link is interrupted or the link quality is lower than a threshold value, the base
station automatically switches to a local emergency mode, the service leading to the
core network is stopped, and local emergency communication is organized through a local computing
power unit; a base
station broadcasts a local emergency mode indication, a public emergency ID
list and emergency
random access configuration through an extended
system information block, and a terminal completes access registration according to a special leader sequence and obtains a local emergency communication ID. In the local emergency mode, the terminals can realize local exchange communication through the transfer of the emergency base
station, or perform device-to-device direct connection communication under the coordination of the base station; and after the return link is recovered, the base station switches back to the standard access mode and notifies the terminal. According to the invention, minimum necessary communication can be guaranteed in an extreme scene, and the emergency communication reliability is improved.