A video image-based human body positioning monitoring method of the invention comprises: a), collecting a standard face image; b), extracting face feature information of a person under guardianship; c), obtaining a similarity threshold Smin; d), obtaining a to-be-detected face image; e), calculating the similarity between the to-be-detected face image and the standard face image, if the similarityis less than Smin, it is not the person under guardianship, and vice versa; f), determining the position of the person under guardianship; and g), determining if the person under guardianship is outof the safe range. The video image-based human body positioning monitoring method of the invention sends alarm information to the guardian when the person under guardianship leaves the safe area, so that the guardian can provide the service in time. The method can greatly improve the service methods of the kindergarten, the nursing home, the mental hospital and other industries, effectively improve the efficiency of service personnel and fill the gap in the field of positioning and monitoring in these industries.