The invention discloses a differential chaos shift keying communication method based on a hybrid system, which comprises the steps of: S1, setting communication system parameters; S2, preparing binary information to be sent, and presetting the binary information; S3, generating a chaos signal u1; S4, preparing a transmitting signal u3; S5, carrying out chaos matching filtering on a receiving signal; and S6, judging a polarity of a code element, respectively carrying out related operations on two segments of signals, and until decoding to obtain a recovered signal, completing communication. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a system structure is effectively simplified on the basis of ensuring reliability of a communication system, and the method is easy for implementation and integration of a microprocessor; the method can normally work at a low signal-to-noise ratio, so that reliability of the communication system is improved; and the transmission signal adapts to a channel bandwidth, and resistance to narrow-band interference is low.