The invention relates to a fast gamma dose rate measurement system based on unmanned aerial vehicle technology, including a measuring device, the measuring instrument includes a measuring instrument and a data transmission system, and the measuring instrument is provided with a flight mechanism and an energy-saving mechanism. The mechanism includes a connection box, a fixed tube, a moving plate, a moving tube, a protective plate, four connecting components, four paddles and four power devices. The connecting components include a support rod, a limit block, a spring and a mounting hole. The energy-saving mechanism includes a photovoltaic panel, a rotating disk, a transmission assembly, and four dust removal assemblies. The transmission assembly includes a rotating shaft, a connecting bearing, a screw, a ball screw bearing, and an assembly hole. The dose rate measurement system improves the measurement speed and convenience through the flight mechanism, not only that, but also realizes the energy-saving function through the energy-saving mechanism.