51 results about "Genetic Change" patented technology

Gene targeting is a technique to introduce genetic change into one or more specific locations in the genome of a cell. For example, gene targeting can introduce genetic change by modifying, repairing, attenuating or inactivating a target gene or other chromosomal DNA. In one aspect, this disclosure relates to methods and compositions for gene targeting with high efficiency in a cell. This disclosure also relates to methods of treating or preventing a genetic disease in an individual in need thereof. Further disclosed are chimeric nucleases and vectors encoding chimeric nucleases.

The present invention provides methods for detecting, diagnosing or prognosticating prostate cancer by measuring the levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the serum of an individual. The assay for MIF can be an immunoassay, such as ELISA, or a nucleic assay, such as Nouthern blot. Genetic changes within MIF gene can predict patients that express high levels of MIF.

Amplification and overexpression of theHER-2 oncogene in breast cancer is felt to be stable over the course of disease and concordant between the primary tumor and metastases. Therefore, patients with HER-2 negative primary tumors will rarely receive anti-HER-2 antibody therapy. A very sensitive blood test is used to capture circulating tumor cells (CTC's) and evaluate their HER-2 gene status by FISH evaluation. The HER-2 status of the primary tumor and corresponding CTC's is used to assess the ratio of CTC's as a reliable surrogate marker. HER-2 expression of 10 CTC's is sufficient to make a definitive diagnosis of the HER-2 gene status for the whole population of CTC's in patients with recurrent breast cancer.

The present invention concerns compositions and methods for the introduction of specific genetic changes in endogenous genes of the cells of an animal. The genetic changes are effected by oligonucleotides or oligonucleotide derivatives and analogs, which are generally less than about 100 nucleotides in length. The invention provides for macromolecular carriers, optionally incorporating ligands for clathrin coated pit receptors. In one embodiment the ligand is a lactose or galactose and the genetic changes are made in hepatocytes. By means of the invention up to 40% of the copies of a target gene have been changed in vitro. Repair of mutant genes having a Crigler-Najjar like phenotype and Hemophilia B phenotype were observed.

The present invention relates to methods of determining a cancer treatment prognosis for a subject in need thereof by evaluating epigenetic and genetic changes within a tumor sample from the subject. The present invention further provides methods of treating cancer in a subject by evaluating epigenetic and genetic changes within a tumor sample from the subject. In addition, the present invention provides methods of screening test agents to identify agents that decrease tumor cell plasticity.

Sets of genes are identified that show modulated activity in hyperpigmented sun-exposed (HE) and non-hyperpigmented sun-exposed (NHE) skin, when compared to non-hyperpigmented non-exposed (NHNE) skin. The modulated sets of genes reveal important information about the genetic changes that take place in skin as a result of environmental exposure and damage. The modulated sets of genes may be used to fabricate custom DNA microarrays for evaluating patients with skin diseases or disorders. The microarrays may also be used to screen new substances for treating skin diseases and disorders. The modulated gene sets, and substances that target them, may also be used to develop therapies for individuals who suffer from hypopigmentation, such as those with Fitzpatrick type I skin or vitiligo.

The present invention relates to an immuno-protective and non-toxic Gram-negative bleb vaccine suitable for paediatric use. Examples of the Gram-negative strains from which the blebs are made are N. meningitidis, M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae. The blebs of the invention are improved by one or more genetic changes to the chromosome of the bacterium, including up-regulation of protective antigens, down-regulation of immunodominant non-protective antigens, and detoxification of the Lipid A moiety of LPS.

The present invention relates to the discovery that, in human cancer, an 11q deletion of ATM together with an increase in ATR and CHEK1 expression correlates with resistance to ionizing radiation which could be overcome by inhibition of the ATR / CHEK1 pathway. It provides for methods of identifying patients unlikely to exhibit an adequate response to radiation therapy and / or chemotherapy who may benefit from ATR / CHEK1 pathway inhibition, as well as methods of treating said patients.

This invention relates to the metabolic evolution of a microbial organism previously optimized for producing an organic acid in commercially significant quantities under fermentative conditions using a hexose sugar as sole source of carbon in a minimal mineral medium. As a result of this metabolic evolution, the microbial organism acquires the ability to use pentose sugars derived from cellulosic materials for its growth while retaining the original growth kinetics, the rate of organic acid production and the ability to use hexose sugars as a source of carbon. This invention also discloses the genetic change in the microorganism that confers the ability to use both the hexose and pentose sugars simultaneously in the production of commercially significant quantities of organic acids.

This invention relates to the metabolic evolution of a microbial organism previously optimized for producing an organic acid in commercially significant quantities under fermentative conditions using a hexose sugar as sole source of carbon in a minimal mineral medium. As a result of this metabolic evolution, the microbial organism acquires the ability to use pentose sugars derived from cellulosic materials for its growth while retaining the original growth kinetics, the rate of organic acid production and the ability to use hexose sugars as a source of carbon. This invention also discloses the genetic change in the microorganism that confers the ability to use both the hexose and pentose sugars simultaneously in the production of commercially significant quantities of organic acids.

The present invention relates to methods of determining a cancer treatment prognosis for a subject in need thereof by evaluating epigenetic and genetic changes within a tumor sample from the subject. The present invention further provides methods of treating cancer in a subject by evaluating epigenetic and genetic changes within a tumor sample from the subject. In addition, the present invention provides methods of screening test agents to identify agents that decrease tumor cell plasticity.

This invention provides a method of analyzing target nucleic acids of biological samples for multiplex nucleic acid analysis of disease associated genetic changes of biological samples in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.

The present invention relates to the discovery that, in human cancer, an 11q deletion of ATM together with an increase in ATR and CHEK1 expression correlates with resistance to ionizing radiation which could be overcome by inhibition of the ATR / CHEK1 pathway. It provides for methods of identifying patients unlikely to exhibit an adequate response to radiation therapy and / or chemotherapy who may benefit from ATR / CHEK1 pathway inhibition, as well as methods of treating said patients.

This invention relates to the metabolic evolution of a microbial organism previously optimized for producing an organic acid in commercially significant quantities under fermentative conditions using a hexose sugar as sole source of carbon in a minimal mineral medium. As a result of this metabolic evolution, the microbial organism acquires the ability to use pentose sugars derived from cellulosic materials for its growth while retaining the original growth kinetics, the rate of organic acid production and the ability to use hexose sugars as a source of carbon. This invention also discloses the genetic change in the microorganism that confers the ability to use both the hexose and pentose sugars simultaneously in the production of commercially significant quantities of organic acids.

The invention discloses a detection Panel and kit for pan-cancerous detection or targeted medication based on second generation sequencing and application of the detection Panel and kit. The detectionPanel comprises a target gene region used for detecting pan-cancerous mutation burden and mutation sites related to targeted medication, and an exon region related to pan-cancerous mutation sites. According to the invention, a liquid (blood) biopsy method is adopted, and a combined determination method is used for carrying out genetic change and protein biomarkers; the detection Panel not only can identify the existence of relatively early cancers, but also can locate origin organs of the cancers, has higher sensitivity, can better carry out combined detection, and provides more accurate support for treatment diagnosis of targeting drugs, chemotherapeutic drugs or immune drugs; and by designing and integrating common areas of different mutation-type information, the uniformity of the Panel is improved, the overall data volume of the Panel is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

The specification provides methods for introducing a desired genetic change in a nucleotide sequence using a double-strand break (DSB)-inducing genome editing system, the method comprising: identifying one or more available cut sites in a nucleotide sequence; analyzing the nucleotide sequence and available cut sites with a computational model to identify the optimal cut site for introducing the desired genetic change into the nucleotide sequence; and contacting the nucleotide sequence with a DSB-inducing genome editing system, thereby introducing the desired genetic change in the nucleotide sequence at the cut site.

The present invention relates to the discovery that, in human cancer, an 11q deletion of ATM together with an increase in ATR and CHEK1 expression correlates with resistance to ionizing radiation which could be overcome by inhibition of the ATR / CHEK1 pathway. It provides for methods of identifying patients unlikely to exhibit an adequate response to radiation therapy and / or chemotherapy who may benefit from ATR / CHEK1 pathway inhibition, as well as methods of treating said patients.

The present invention relates to the discovery that, in human cancer, an 11q deletion of ATM together with an increase in ATR and CHEK1 expression correlates with resistance to ionizing radiation which could be overcome by inhibition of the ATR / CHEK1 pathway. It provides for methods of identifying patients unlikely to exhibit an adequate response to radiation therapy and / or chemotherapy who may benefit from ATR / CHEK1 pathway inhibition, as well as methods of treating said patients.

This invention relates to the metabolic evolution of a microbial organism previously optimized for producing an organic acid in commercially significant quantities under fermentative conditions using a hexose sugar as sole source of carbon in a minimal mineral medium. As a result of this metabolic evolution, the microbial organism acquires the ability to use pentose sugars derived from cellulosic materials for its growth while retaining the original growth kinetics, the rate of organic acid production and the ability to use hexose sugars as a source of carbon. This invention also discloses the genetic change in the microorganism that confers the ability to use both the hexose and pentose sugars simultaneously in the production of commercially significant quantities of organic acids.

Gene targeting is a technique to introduce genetic change into one or more specific locations in the genome of a cell. For example, gene targeting can introduce genetic change by modifying, repairing, attenuating or inactivating a target gene or other chromosomal DNA. In one aspect, this disclosure relates to methods and compositions for gene targeting with high efficiency in a cell. This disclosure also relates to methods of treating or preventing a genetic disease in an individual in need thereof. Further disclosed are chimeric nucleases and vectors encoding chimeric nucleases.

Provided herein include methods and compositions for effecting a targeted genetic change in DNA in a cell. Certain aspects and embodiments relate to improving the efficiency of the targeting of modifications to specific locations in genomic or other nucleotide sequences. As described herein, nucleic acids which direct specific changes to the genome may be combined with various approaches to enhance the availability of components of the natural repair systems present in the cells being targeted for modification.

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, discloses a soil improvement material component for improving vegetable biomass, and aims to break through the current situation that vegetable biomass is improved through chemical fertilizer application or genetic change. The soil improvement material component comprises biochar and compost according to a mass ratio of the biochar to the compost of 1:0.3-2, wherein the biochar is prepared by crushing garden plant branches and calcining the crushed branches at a low temperature in an anoxic environment, the garden plant branches are soaked in a sodium bicarbonate solution before preparation, and the compost is prepared by mixing branches of arbors and shrubs as a compost material with nitrogen, stacking and fermenting. Thesoil improvement material component provided by the invention can effectively improve the vegetable biomass and reasonably utilize garden plant wastes.

The invention concerns the use of duplex oligonucleotides about 25 to 30 base pairs to introduce site specific genetic alterations in plant cells. The oligonucleotides can be delivered by mechanical (biolistic) systems or by electroporation of plant protoplasts. Thereafter plants having the genetic alteration can be generated form the altered cells. In specific embodiments the invention concerns the alteration in the gene that encode acid invertase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, polyphenol oxidase, O-methyl transferase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase or etr-1 or homolog of etr-1, and plants having isolated point mutations in such genes.

The invention provides novel methods and compositions for introduction, transfer or delivery of one or more biomolecules into wounded recipient plant cell(s). Methods for production of a wounded recipient cell culture and the creation of one or more mutations, edits, transgenic insertions, or other genetic changes in the recipient cell(s) are also provided. Product cells produced by such methods, and resulting cells and regenerated plants, plant parts, and progeny plants are further provided. Molecular and genetic analyses, analysis of phenotypes and traits, and use of screenable and selection markers, are also provided to confirm transfer of the biomolecule in to the recipient cell(s) and generation of the mutation, edit, transgenic insertion, or other genetic change in the recipient cell(s), and / or progeny thereof, and in plants or plant parts developed or regenerated from the foregoing.

A method for in-planta high throughput evaluation of endogenous genetic regulatory elements of a crop plant, obtaining a nucleic acid encoding a native regulatory element of a trait-related gene, introducing one or more genetic changes in each of a plurality of copies of the native regulatory element, introducing the genetic library into model plants, utilizing high throughput transformation, screening the transformed model plants, and identifying the one or more genetic changes in the altered regulatory element of the selected model plant.

The invention relates to a male sterility mouse model constructed by mutating NAMPT protein and a construction method of the male sterility mouse model, and discloses a method for constructing asthenospermia by mutating NAMPT protein 39-site cysteine (Cys) into serine (Ser) (NAMPT C39S) so as to cause the male sterility mouse model. The invention solves the technical problem that the research on asthenospermia and mouse sterility is influenced by poor drug induction stability, low time efficiency, simultaneous change of other reproductive phenotypes or physiological functions caused by disturbance of some genes and the like. The animal model disclosed by the invention is possibly failed in fertilization through IVF (in-vitro fertilization) as compared with infertility caused by sperm motility reduction clinically, but the result of successful fertilization through ICSI is consistent, so that the usability of the model is improved, a reliable asthenospermia and infertility mouse model is provided for reproductive medicine research scholars, and the clinical application prospect is broad. A new thought is provided for clinically exploring the action mechanism and the drug target of the mouse sterility.

The use of transcriptome-modifying agents is disclosed in order to prevent malignant cells from undergoing the necessary genetic changes in order to combat cell insult and survive chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The combination of transcriptome-modifying agents comprises agents that inhibit the DNA methylation machinery plus a substance that inhibits histone deacetylation. A treatment kit is disclosed which includes an effective dose of hydralazine and valproic acid or a salt of same in the case of magnesium valproate, which is intended for use with radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the treatment of patients cancer.

Assays using binding studies involving function of BRCA1a protein have use for diagnosis and for evaluation of possible tumorogenicity of agents, particularly estrogenic agents. The assays do not rely on use of a probe for only specific sequences, but on effects of known and unknown or not previously studied sequences (consequence of genetic changes) or posttranslational modification of BRCA1 proteins (as a consequence of epigenetic changes) as seen in hereditary and sporadic cancers.

The invention relates to monitoring a patient's response to treatment. To facilitate monitoring a patient's response to a treatment, the invention provides a method to identify a set of trends in each of the genetic changes having similar genetic changes over time, and to analyze the sets to determine a patient's response to a treatment.