The invention discloses a urinary sediment detection method based on unbalanced local Fisher discriminant analysis. The urinary sediment detection method includes the steps: firstly, extracting aggregation channel features from an input urinary sediment visible component image; secondly, performing channel filtering on each channel by using a Haar-like template to extract an intermediate layer feature; then, grouping the features of a single channel, randomly selecting a plurality of groups of features to carry out linear weighting combination to form a new candidate feature; secondly, considering the imbalance of sample distribution, proposing an imbalance local Fisher discriminant analysis method to learn a weighting coefficient; and finally, connecting the candidate features of all thechannels in series to form a final feature vector, conducting training in combination with an Adaboost classifier based on a decision tree, and training different detectors for different urinary sediment visible components. According to the urinary sediment detection method, the local information fusion of the urinary sediment tangible image and the imbalance of sample distribution are considered,and the influence of noise is effectively reduced, and the accuracy is high, and the calculation speed is high, and the urinary sediment detection method has very important practical value.