A method for predicting the quality of products on a reconfigurable production line comprises the following steps: (1) selecting quality control points of key procedures, detecting on line, recording the quality information of parts, analyzing error factors in processing, and storing the related information in a quality information database of a master server; (2) setting initial parameters for predicting and controlling the quality, adopting the principle that the prevention is first to predict key quality characteristics, modeling the error sequences obtained by the detection in real time, and solving a predicted value of product production; and (3) according to the trend information of the errors and by integrating sensor information on production stations, when the predicted data is beyond an upper control line and below a lower control line, a quality problem is proved to exist in the production course of the product, the devices of each production station need to be inspected, adjusted or compensated, and corrective measures need to be established. The quality of the product on the reconfigurable production line can be predicted by the method.