The invention provides an intelligent illuminating method and system based on image perception. Images in a specific area are collected through a visual module, motion target detection is carried out in real time through a processing module, a detection result obtained after processing is fed back to a light control module, an illuminating light is controlled and adjusted to be turned on and turned off, lighting is controlled and adjusted to be strong and weak, control signals are transmitted to N rear illuminating lights through a communication module, the N rear illuminating lights are controlled to carry out illumination, and after a motion target passes, the luminance of the illumination lights is reduced, and then the illumination lights are turned off. Through an interface, a street lamp is controlled to be turned on and off, light luminance is adjusted, and equipment fault self-detection can be achieved. According to the intelligent illuminating method and system based on image perception, the luminance of the illuminating lights can be intelligently adjusted, the energy saving aim of the illuminating lights is achieved, and the method and system have wide application needs in the field of intelligent traffic, road illumination and the like.