The invention discloses an elevator emergency calling system and a control method. The elevator emergency calling system comprises an embedded microcontroller minimum system, a 4G communication circuit, a pyroelectric sensing circuit, a Hall sensing circuit, a one-key dialing circuit, a power circuit, a real-time clock circuit and a data storage circuit. The embedded microcontroller minimum systemcomprises a main control chip, and a reset circuit, a clock circuit and a starting circuit which are electrically connected with the main control chip. The 4G communication circuit, the pyroelectricsensing circuit, the Hall sensing circuit, the one-key dialing circuit, the power supply circuit, the real-time clock circuit and the data storage circuit are respectively connected with the differentpins of the main control chip through the conducting wires. The system is high in intelligent degree, the rescue efficiency is improved, and the passenger trapping time is shortened. The 4G communication circuit is arranged to achieve the wireless communication with the outside, the signals are not easy to interfere, the attenuation degree is low, the conversation quality is high, and the rescueis facilitated when people are trapped in an elevator. Compared with an existing wired connection mode, according to the present invention, the conducting wires are saved, the maintenance is convenient, and the cost is low.