The present application provides a coding method, a decoding method and an apparatus. The coding method comprises: acquiring a first sequence, the first sequence being a bit sequence to be coded, and the length of the first sequence being K; on the basis of K, determining a mother code sequence corresponding to the first sequence; and on the basis of the mother code sequence, performing polar coding on check bits and the first sequence, wherein the check bits comprise first check bits and second check bits, and the check bits are determined in the following manner: according to a first corresponding relationship, determining the number of the first check bits corresponding to the first sequence to be equation (I), the first corresponding relationship comprising a corresponding relationship between K and the first check bits; on the basis of reliability and row weights, determining that positions the number of which is equation (II) in the mother code sequence are used for placing the first sequence and the first check bits; determining the positions of the second check bits in the mother code sequence; and on the basis of the positions the number of which is equation (III), the positions of the second check bits, a target parity check (PC) equation and the first sequence, determining check bits.