The invention belongs to the fields of digital communication and digital storage and in particular relates to a multi-rate code encoding method for grouped Markov superposition coding based on time division. The method is used for encoding a binary information sequence u- with the length K being equal to (n-2)kBL into code words c- with the length N being equal to (n-2)nB(L+m<k>), wherein n is more than 2, k refers to a range of {1, 2,..., n-1}, namely a code rate set refers to {1/n, 2/n,..., (n-1)/n}, L is the number of (n-2)kB sequenced packets of equal length, m<k> is the memory length of subcodes with the code rate of k/n, and the memory length of an encoder is as shown in the specification. The method comprises the following steps: dividing the information sequence u- into L packets of equal length which are as shown in the specification, wherein t is equal to -1, -2,..., -(m<k>-1), -m<k>, and initializing a sequence v-(t) with the length of (n-2)nB; dividing a sequence which is as shown in the specification with the length of (n-2)kB into B packets at the moment t being equal to 0, 1,..., L-1 for performing time division encoding on [n, 1] repetition codes and [n, n-1] single parity check codes, thereby obtaining an encoding sequence which is as shown in the specification with the length of (n-2)nB; and calculating the t-th subsequence of the code words c- by combining the sequence as shown in the specification. The multi-rate codes based on time division provided by the invention are simple in design, wide in code rate range, low in decoding complexity and excellent in performance.