The application discloses an RLL(1,4) encoding and decoding method and device for
optical storage and an
optical storage system, and belongs to the technical field of
optical storage, and comprises the following steps: in the encoding process, four-block joint encoding, three-block joint encoding, double-block joint encoding and single-block encoding are sequentially performed on user data according to a pre-established mapping table, so that every 3-bit user data is encoded into 5-bit channel symbols; in the mapping table of multi-block joint encoding, the first 5-bit sub-block of a
code word starts with a bit '0' or is a specific 5-bit sequence starting with a bit '1'; in the decoding process, the 5-bit sub-block starting with a bit '1' is first identified as a boundary to complete a division, and then the specific 5-bit sub-block starting with a bit '1' is identified as a boundary to complete a secondary division; and the
code word obtained through the division is demapped into a user data block according to the mapping table. The application can improve the encoding and
decoding throughput of optical storage, suppress error propagation in the encoding and decoding process, and improve the performance and reliability of optical storage.