The invention relates to a Turbo code high-speed decoding method based on a parallel and windowing structure, wherein the method is achieved through a Turbo code high-speed decoder. The method relates to a first input buffer module, a second input buffer module, a first extrinsic information storage module, a second extrinsic information storage module, a interweaving/de-interweaving module, N SISO decoding units, a hard-decision module and an output buffer module, wherein the first input buffer module and the second input buffer module continuously receive data frames input from the exterior in a ping-pong operating mode, first component decoding and second component decoding iterated for the first time are completed through the N SISO decoding units, in this way, first component decoding and second component decoding iterated for the Nth time are completed, iteration is ended, LLR information obtained through the second component decoding iterated for the Mth time is subjected to de-interweaving, the de-interweaving result is subjected to a hard decision, and finally, the hard decision result is stored in the output buffer module. According to the method, the advantages of parallel decoding and sliding window decoding are combined, the decoding running speed is substantially increased, and the good decoding property is achieved.