The invention provides a portable riveting quality detection device and a monitoring method thereof. The device comprises a power system, a riveting monitoring system and a riveting tool, wherein thepower system provides power for riveting, the riveting tool is an execution part of a hydraulic riveting gun, and the riveting detection system comprises a pressure sensor, a force sensor, a pluralityof flow meters, an electromagnetic reversing valve, a proportional overflow valve, a data acquisition system and a processor for data collection and processing. According to the invention, data are acquired through the data acquisition system, the area of two sides of an oil cylinder can be accurately measured under the condition that the areas of two cavities of an oil cylinder are unknown, andthen the riveting quality is judged. The portable riveting quality detection device has small volume and light weight, and is convenient to carry, install and detect. Compared with existing riveting detection equipment, the riveting detection equipment is mainly capable of detecting, judging and analyzing the riveting quality in a wide, real-time and accurate manner. The portable riveting qualitydetection device satisfies detection and judgment in various environments.