The invention discloses a protection type high-low voltage power distribution cabinet and a protection method thereof, and the device comprises a cabinet body, and the bottom of the cabinet body is provided with a dehumidifying mechanism. The dehumidifying mechanism comprises a movable bottom plate, a fixed supporting column, an electric telescopic rod, a rubber air bag, a soft air pipe, a through hole, a humidity induction switch, an elastic metal rod, a tooth groove, a linkage rod, an impact ball, an annular rubber body, an air suction channel, a suction hole, an L-shaped connecting cavity, a first spring, an iron block, an electromagnet, a movable push rod, a stop block, a contraction key switch, an extension key switch, and a limiting block. When the side plate of the cabinet body is electrified due to insulation failure and electric leakage of electrical apparatus elements in the cabinet body, an elastic rubber net is used for preventing external personnel from directly contacting the side plate of the cabinet body to cause electric shock danger, and when the elastic rubber net is extruded, an insulating plate is pushed, so that a positive and negative conducting strip group at the tail end abuts against the inner wall of a butt joint groove; as long as electric leakage occurs, a signal lamp emits light, thereby facilitating external personnel to know that the cabinet body is electrified and is dangerous.