The invention relates to a progressive mode search coupling method based on visual guidance and an active mode. The method comprises the following steps: 1, calibrating a vertical camera coordinate system; 2, calibrating a horizontal camera coordinate system; 3, aligning the two coordinate systems; 4, measuring the optical power of the laser to form a standard optical power value table; 5, measuring the current value converted by the integrating sphere to form a measured current value table; 6, fitting a linear relation between the measured current value table and the standard power value table, and storing the linear relation; 7, determining the central position of a light outlet of the laser; and 8, adjusting the position of the optical fiber, obtaining the position of the optical fiber at the maximum measurement current value, and completing the coupling process. In a laser fiber coupling process, the self-adjustment of relative positions of the fiber and the laser is realized, so that the fiber can be smoothly aligned with a light emitting center in the laser, high-precision coupling is performed, collision between the fiber and the laser is avoided, direct large-range coupling and fiber damage under high power are effectively avoided, the coupling efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.