The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction and separation, in particular to three alkaloid compounds extracted, separated and identified from purslane and an extraction and separation method thereof. The molecular formulas of the three alkaloid compounds are respectively C16H15NO5, C13H11NO3 and C14H13NO3, and the three alkaloid compounds are respectively named as 4,9,10-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6,7-dihydrodibenzo [b,e]azocin-12(5H)-one, 9,10-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[d]pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepin-11-one, and 8,9-dihydroxy-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[d] pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine-3-carbaldehyde. The invention further provides an extraction and separation method of the alkaloid compounds. The extraction and separation method sequentially comprises the steps of ethanol reflux extraction, silica gel column chromatography, ODS medium-pressure column and hydroxypropyl dextran column chromatography purification and HPLC separation and preparation. The structures of the novel alkaloid compounds are determined by adopting methods of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. The three compounds have potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinesterase activities and the like, a preparation method is provided, and a primer and a theoretical basis are provided for developing new drugs and new components.