The present invention discloses an erythropoietin receptor modified electrode, wherein an electrode having an erythropoietin receptor fixed on the surface through ZnO sol-gel is adopted as a glassy carbon electrode for element recognition, the modified electrode has characteristics of simple preparation method and stable performance, and a response current value of the modified electrode remains about 77% of the initial value after placing in a dark place for 50 days at a temperature of 4 DEG C. According to the present invention, the modified electrode is adopted as a working electrode, a platinum electrode is adopted as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode is adopted as a reference electrode, and a phosphate buffer solution containing 2 mmol/L of K3Fe(CN)6]-K4[Fe(CN)6] is adopted as a test base solution to establish an electrochemical biosensor so as to rapidly, specifically and sensitively detect erythropoietin (EPO) and/or recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), wherein a linear range is 5 pg/L-500 ng/L, a detection limit is as low as 0.5 pg/L, particularly EPO and rhEPO can be accurately screened according to the peak potential, and the electrochemical biosensor is applicable for low concentration EPO or rhEPO detection, and stimulant rhEPO detection in sport competition.