35 results about "Jugular vein" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical engineering. The invention discloses a triggering method and device of magnetic resonance imaging equipment based on multi-modal signal fusion, terminal equipment and a storage medium. The accuracy of triggering the magnetic resonance imaging equipment to collect images can be improved. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first morphological characteristic of a heart vibration signal of a target object, a second morphological characteristic of a jugular vein pulse signal and a third morphological characteristic of a photoelectric volume pulse wave signal; constructing a heterogeneous graph based on the first morphological feature, the second morphological feature and the third morphological feature; performing global graph feature vector extraction processing on the heterogeneous graph by adopting a heterogeneous graph attention network to obtain a target global graph feature vector; and performing time prediction processing on the target global map feature vector by adopting a trigger control model to obtain target time, and triggering magnetic resonance imaging equipment to collect images when the target object is in the middle and later period of cardiac diastole based on the target time.

This utility model relates to an innovation of a carotid artery vasodilator that can be used at home and in the emergency room as a supplement to drug treatment for conditions such as carotid artery obstruction in the neck region. It increases the production of nitric oxide mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the intact endothelial layer of the carotid artery, which is located on the inner surface of the neck brace. It can be applied for a certain period of time for each patient. The intermittent or continuous operation function can be selected through an adjustable power circuit. It only affects the lesion area and does not affect the patient's peripheral blood vessels. It can be used in situations where nitrates may be prohibited. It prevents the reduction of blood flow to the brain tissue that may occur due to jugular venous constriction. The flexible structure of the applicator neck brace (9) can be maintained in the application area for a long time and includes a pulsed magnetic field (PMF).

The invention provides an image-clinical characterization-combined multi-endpoint prognosis evaluation method for transjugular vein intrahepatic portal vein shunt, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a few-label portal vein segmentation module to obtain a preoperative CT portal vein label of a full-dose patient, and extracting deep learning features and radiomics features of the region; establishing a multi-modal interactive representation learning module for implementation, and performing cross-modal fusion with clinical features to form unified representation; and designing a multi-endpoint prognosis prediction module, inputting the data to a plurality of prognosis task decoders for postoperative survival, portal vein pressure gradient, hepatic encephalopathy prediction and the like, and adopting a multi-task learning optimization model to obtain a postoperative multi-endpoint prognosis evaluation result. According to the method, efficient fusion and multi-endpoint prognosis prediction of images and clinical information can be realized under limited labeling, clinical doctors can be assisted in preoperative patient screening and treatment scheme making, and the method has good clinical application value.

The invention relates to the technical field of hemodialysis capacity load evaluation, in particular to a chronic kidney disease patient hemodialysis capacity load evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring staged ultrafiltration rate and body position angle time sequence data in dialysis in real time, generating ultrafiltration and body position coupling time period marks through a space-time matching algorithm, and determining the hemodialysis capacity load of a chronic kidney disease patient according to the ultrafiltration and body position coupling time period marks. During a coupling period, ambulatory blood pressure, jugular vein diameter and pulse wave conduction velocity data are collected at high frequency, an ultrafiltration rate fluctuation value, a body position angle change value and collected physiological index data are input into a pre-training interference calibration model, and blood vessel compliance false interference is decoupled through feature fusion and cross-modal correlation analysis. And finally, combining the weight difference before and after dialysis and biomarker detection data, calculating a dry weight deviation coefficient, and judging capacity overload, capacity insufficiency or a critical state, thereby providing an accurate basis for adjustment of a dialysis scheme, and improving the accuracy and safety of capacity load evaluation.

A medical device assembly and method of using the assembly are disclosed for measuring a tract length during a transvascular procedure such as a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) procedure, or a Direct Portosystemic Intrahepatic Shunt (DIPS) procedure. The present invention provides a telescoped assembly for injecting contrast at a first location and a second location, the first and second locations on opposing sides of the tract, while substantially maintaining the position of the assembly, and without removing one or more inner devices from the assembly, thereby reducing procedure time.

The invention discloses a transjugular vein intervention type retrograde coronary sinus drug delivery catheter system, and relates to the technical field of catheters.The transjugular vein intervention type retrograde coronary sinus drug delivery catheter system comprises an injection base, a catheter and a balloon, the catheter comprises an air pipe and an infusion pipe which are integrally arranged, one end of the air pipe is connected to the injection base, the other end of the air pipe is connected with the balloon, and the balloon is used for blocking coronary sinus of the heart of a patient; the external end of the air tube can inject or extract air, one end of the infusion tube is connected to the injection base, the other end of the infusion tube is located in the heart of a patient, and the infusion tube penetrates through the balloon, is in sealed connection with the end of the balloon and is used for injecting liquid medicine or virus solution. The balloon can be used for blocking coronary sinus for a period of time to block venous circulation, and then the catheter is used for retrograde injection of awns or viruses into a coronary vein system, so that drugs directly act on myocardial tissues for a period of time, the local action time of the drugs is prolonged, the treatment efficiency is improved, systematic toxic and side effects are reduced, thoracotomy is not needed, and the treatment cost is reduced. The operation is more convenient.

The invention discloses an interventional valve ring device and an interventional valve device. The interventional valve ring device and the interventional valve device can be used for mitral valve and tricuspid valve lesions. The interventional valve ring device is mainly composed of a valve ring, a valve ring conveying system, a fixing nail and a fixing nail conveying system. The interventional valve is mainly composed of a fixing support, a supporting support, a supporting support covering film and valve leaflets. The interventional valve ring and the interventional valve enter the heart through the interventional delivery system and can pass through the apex of the heart, the femoral vein, the jugular vein or the subclavian vein, the right atrium or the left atrium. The interventional valve is fixed in the interventional valve ring, and a minimally invasive, safe and effective treatment method can be provided for a patient.

The application provides a jugular vein dialysis catheter joint disinfection sealing fixing device, which comprises a shell, disinfection wiping mechanisms, a sealing outer bag, an arteriovenous catheter joint sealing inner bag, a strip-shaped elastic head cover and an ear cover; a partition plate is horizontally arranged in the shell; an upper cavity is formed above the partition plate in the shell; the disinfection wiping mechanisms are arranged below the partition plate in the shell and close to the front side and the rear side; the sealing outer bag is placed in the upper cavity of the shell; and the arteriovenous catheter joint sealing inner bag is arranged in the sealing outer bag in front and behind. In the insertion process of the arteriovenous catheter joint, the disinfection wiping mechanisms are driven to rotate, the elastic scraping blade is slid and scrapes off dirt (such as blood scabs) in the thread groove, the arteriovenous catheter joint is reduced to be exposed to the outside world, the probability of contamination of the arteriovenous catheter joint is reduced, the workload of medical staff is reduced, and pollution caused by manual operation of the medical staff is avoided.

The invention relates to the technical field of tearable tube sheaths, in particular to a tearable shunt tube sheath for ventricular jugular vein shunt, which comprises a catheter sheath and a mounting base inserted into the upper end of the catheter sheath, the catheter sheath is detachably connected with the mounting base, and an expansion catheter is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the mounting base. A hemostasis valve is mounted at the lower end of the mounting base; mechanical locking and pressing force adjustment are conducted on the two tearable tubes through the connecting piece, the situation that a traditional tube sheath needs to be torn open is avoided by pulling the pulling-out unit, the connecting piece is stably and linearly pulled out as a whole, and in the process, instant traction force and vibration generated due to material tearing and buckle separation when a sheath tube is torn in a traditional mode are completely avoided; the risk of tiny displacement of the tip of the accurately positioned shunt tube caused by sheath tube removal operation is eliminated, the shunt tube is always stabilized at the optimal position in the middle of the right atrium, and the operation success rate is increased.

The application provides a jugular vein thrombus prevention device, which comprises a shell, mounting plates are arranged at both ends of the shell, the shell and the mounting plates are connected through a driving assembly to drive the mounting plates to reciprocate in a ring direction. One end of each of the two groups of mounting plates is provided with a mounting shell, a plurality of first massage columns are arranged on the mounting shell; a flexible belt is arranged on the mounting shell in a hinged manner, a plurality of second massage columns are arranged on one side of the flexible belt, a control plate is further arranged in the mounting shell and is slidably arranged along an axis of the mounting shell, one end of the control plate is provided with a flexible plate, and one end of the flexible plate is connected with the flexible belt. An adjusting mechanism connected with the control plate is further arranged in the mounting shell, and the control plate is driven to slide along the axis of the mounting shell through the adjusting mechanism. The device can be fixed on the neck of a patient, the two groups of mounting shells and the flexible belt are driven to reciprocate through the driving assembly, and the first massage columns and the second massage columns massage the jugular vein of the patient, so that the thrombus of the neck is effectively prevented.

The invention relates to the field of in-vitro diagnostic kits, and discloses a kit for predicting the curative effect of deep jugular vein lymphatic anastomosis of Alzheimer's disease and screening adaptive population and application of the kit. The kit comprises a mass spectrometry detection module, an ELISA detection module and a logistic regression model, the mass spectrum detection module is used for detecting the protein concentrations of NPTX2 and IGSF10 in a sample; the ELISA detection module is used for detecting the protein concentrations of ptau181 and A beta 42 in a sample; by calculating the NPTX2 / IGSF10 ratio and the ptau181 / A beta42 ratio and combining with a logistic regression model, the LVA operation curative effect is predicted, and adaptive people are screened. The kit provided by the invention has high sensitivity and specificity, can accurately detect the concentration of related proteins in a sample, and provides a reliable basis for curative effect prediction of Alzheimer's disease deep jugular vein lymphatic anastomosis (LVA) and adaptive population screening.

This application relates to the field of medical device control technology. This application discloses a triggering method, device, terminal equipment, and storage medium for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device based on jugular vein pulsation signals. This method can avoid magnetic field interference and achieve more accurate and stable imaging triggering for the MRI device. The method includes acquiring the jugular vein pulsation signal of the target object; generating the dominant radial directions of the a-wave, c-wave, and v-wave for each cycle based on the jugular vein pulsation signal; obtaining a reconstructed jugular vein pulsation signal based on the dominant radial directions of the a-wave, c-wave, and v-wave for each cycle; extracting key temporal features from the reconstructed jugular vein pulsation signal to obtain key temporal features of the target; and using a trigger control model to predict the trigger pulse of the target key temporal features to obtain the target trigger pulse for the MRI device.

The application belongs to the technical field of biology, and discloses a system for continuous drainage of mesenteric lymph fluid and application thereof, which comprises a mesenteric lymph vessel catheter for being inserted into a mesenteric lymph vessel to drain mesenteric lymph fluid, a jugular vein catheter for being inserted into a jugular vein, a collector for collecting lymph fluid, and a conscious activity device comprising a quick connection button VAB and a mesenteric lymph fluid collecting tube, wherein the outlet end of the mesenteric lymph fluid collecting tube is in the same height as the inlet end of the mesenteric lymph vessel catheter. The method can realize real-time and long-term collection of lymph fluid under the conditions of free activity, unrestricted diet and water and normal physiological state of rats, can avoid the influence of surgical stress, general anesthesia or animal restriction on experimental results, can reflect the real state of lymph fluid, and can be applied to the fields of research on lymph vessel absorption capacity and functional state and explanation of disease mechanism.

Provided is a method for constructing a chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension animal model, comprising: taking 180-200 gram adult healthy male SD rats, allowing the rats to freely take water and food; injecting a soluble gelatin sponge solution into the jugular vein of the rats; after 1 day, subcutaneously injecting a Sugen5416 solution; then allowing the rats to freely take water and food for 28 days, to obtain a chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension rat model.

The invention provides an intelligent oxygen peaceful sleep engine method and device based on bio-electricity signals, and relates to the technical field of data processing.The method comprises the steps that carotid artery blood oxygen signals and jugular vein blood oxygen signals corresponding to a carotid artery body surface projection point, a sternoclavicular mastoid front edge midpoint and a clavicular supraclavicular fossa center of a user are collected respectively; based on a carotid artery blood oxygen signal and a jugular vein blood oxygen signal, a carotid artery body surface projection point is taken as an ellipse center, a sternoclavicular mastoid front edge midpoint and a clavicle suprafolar fossa center are taken as ellipse long axis endpoints, the length of an ellipse short axis is adjusted according to the actual size of a neck region, an ellipse region of a neck region contour is obtained, and the ellipse region is divided through ellipse inscribed orthogonal lines to obtain an ellipse blood oxygen signal. And obtaining a plurality of fan-shaped sub-regions. Targeted sensing and refined dispersion oxygen supply of the oxygen supply demand are achieved.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for using a wearable device to monitor patients suffering from congestive heart failure as well as other related diseases. In particular, a wearable patch is disclosed. The wearable patch includes a patch body with a body patch side attached to and contacting a user's body as well as an opposing non-body patch side. The body patch side is configured to accommodate carotid arterial pressure sensors and bioimpedance and ECG / EKG electrodes for collecting physiological data from the user. The patch may also include jugular venous pressure sensors. A controller is disposed on the non-body patch side of the patch body. The controller includes a data collection module to receive data from the pressure sensors and the bioimpedance electrodes, a processing module to preprocess the data received, and a communication module for transmitting the preprocessed data to a backend analysis system for analysis. The backend system includes a deep learning model to analyse the behavior of carotid arterial and jugular venous pressure pulse waves, bioimpedance and ECG / EKG waveforms to predict if the patient is likely to suffer a heart failure event (HFE) or not.

The utility model provides a coaxial catheter system for implanting a stent electrode, which comprises an outer tube body, an inner tube body, an inner tube body, an inner tube body, an inner tube body and an outer tube body, and is characterized in that the right end of the outer tube body is connected with an outer tube body tube seat; the right side of the middle tube body is connected with a middle tube body tube seat, and the left end of the middle tube body is connected with the outer tube body tube seat through an outer tube body rotary hemostasis valve; the right end of the inner tube body is connected with an inner tube body tube seat, the left end of the inner tube body is connected with a middle tube body tube seat through a middle tube body rotary hemostasis valve, and the right end of the inner tube body tube seat is connected with an inner tube body rotary hemostasis valve. According to the whole structure, flexibility and strength are balanced, operation performance is improved, strong supporting performance at the near end and excellent passing performance and supporting performance at the far end are achieved, a complex venous access can be safely and effectively navigated, and a support electrode is smoothly fed into the anterior superior sagittal sinus from the jugular vein.

The application relates to the technical field of biomedical engineering. The application discloses a jugular vein pulsation measurement method, device, system and medium based on defocus speckle imaging, which can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of measuring the jugular vein pulsation signal. The method comprises the following steps: after positioning the vein part of the neck of a target object, performing defocus speckle video acquisition processing to obtain a target defocus speckle video; performing directional motion signal extraction processing on the target defocus speckle video to obtain a target directional motion signal corresponding to each pixel point in a target image, the target image being one frame of image of the target defocus speckle video; and performing average value calculation processing on the target directional motion signals corresponding to all pixels of the target image to obtain the jugular vein pulsation signal of the target object.

The application relates to the field of interventional medical technology, in particular to a percutaneous interventional venous sinus puncture access device. The access device is formed by the mutual cooperation of a balloon catheter, a deflecting catheter and a puncture guide wire, can puncture into the subarachnoid cavity in the cranial cavity on the venous sinus without damaging the brain, break the dura mater and arachnoid, construct a stoma between the pontocerebellar angle pool and the inferior petrosal sinus, and make the cerebrospinal fluid flow from the subarachnoid cavity to the venous sinus, to the jugular vein and to the heart, and participate in blood circulation. The access device can also be used for delivering a shunt, so that the hydrocephalus which can only be effectively treated by operation in the past can be treated by a minimally invasive interventional method, the access device is not used for surgical open operation, the intraoperative trauma is reduced, the operation time is saved, and the possibility of postoperative infection is greatly reduced.

The invention discloses a carotid artery mis-segmentation processing method and device for robot autonomous scanning. The method comprises the steps that the average height is obtained through calculation; the ultrasonic probe is controlled to move from the starting point of longitudinal cutting scanning, and a current ultrasonic image is obtained in real time; calculating to obtain a height mean value and a height standard deviation of the longitudinal cutting contour of the blood vessel; judging whether the longitudinal cutting contour of the blood vessel is jugular vein or not; if yes, the moving distance in the X-axis direction of the tool coordinate system at the next moment and the applied force at the next moment are obtained through calculation; otherwise, based on the obtained preset step length and the preset force as the moving distance and the applied force at the next moment, determining the moving direction at the next moment based on the trend of the longitudinal cutting contour of the blood vessel; the ultrasonic probe is controlled to move to the position of the next moment, and the process is executed again till the ultrasonic probe moves to the end point of longitudinal cutting scanning. The adverse effect of carotid artery wrong segmentation on scanning is effectively reduced, and it is ensured that the carotid artery can be tracked continuously and stably.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of experimental instruments, and discloses a repeated blood sampling device for a rat in a waking state, which comprises a three-way tube, and the three-way tube comprises an injection tube, an anticoagulation tube and a blood sampling tube; a control valve is arranged in the three-way pipe, communication between different pipelines is controlled by rotating the control valve, so that heparin injection and blood taking are conducted, a pressing button is arranged at the top of the control valve, a blood taking channel can be located between the injection pipe and the blood taking pipe by pressing the pressing button downwards, and therefore a small amount of blood can be taken, and the blood taking precision can be improved. The device is connected with an external jugular vein cannula of a laboratory mouse through an operation, so that blood can be repeatedly taken for multiple times when the laboratory mouse is in a sober state, and blood coagulation can be avoided; the utility model solves the problems that the blood drawing process is troublesome and the accuracy is insufficient in the prior art, and is suitable for the blood drawing measurement of laboratory mice.

Systems and methods are disclosed that provide for regular, periodic or continuous monitoring of fluid volume based on direct measurement of dimensions of a jugular vein of a patient using a sensor disposed proximate the jugular vein. Measurements of the jugular vein are made using ultrasound, which may include determination of a two or three-dimensional ultrasound image of the jugular vein. Based on the monitored changes in the jugular vein physical dimensions, information about patient fluid state across the euvolemic range of fluid states can be determined. This may provide earlier warning of hypervolemia or hypovolemia and allow for the introduction or modulation of patient treatments to permit more stable long-term fluid management.

The utility model relates to nursing technical field discloses a kind of hanging ear type neck catheter fixing mask, including neck cloth, for around patient neck;Ear cloth is adjustably connected on the neck cloth, structure for hanging in patient ear is equipped on the ear cloth, the neck cloth includes the magic tape hook surface of one end setting and the magic tape nap surface of other end setting, for the both ends of the neck cloth are connected and fixed. One or more adjusting holes are provided on the neck cloth along its length direction. In the utility model, the neck cloth is around the neck of patient, and is fixed by magic tape hook surface and magic tape nap surface, then the ear cloth is hung in face through ear hole, and then the catheter wound can be covered, the effect of fixing the catheter is achieved, the problem of prolapse and slipping risk after neck temporary catheter is placed in jugular vein for hemodialysis patient is solved, and the comfort of patient is improved.

The utility model discloses a jugular vein artificial hepatic duct fixing device which comprises a bottom plate and extension cloth, an adhesive layer is arranged below the bottom plate, and a fixing belt with a plurality of adjusting holes and fixing pieces capable of being clamped into the adjusting holes and fixed are arranged above the bottom plate. The extension cloth is located on one side of the bottom plate, a wrapping bag is arranged above the extension cloth, and adhesive tapes are arranged on the two sides of the extension cloth. By means of the fixing device, the risks of infection and the like caused by edge curling of the sterile application due to sagging of the double-cavity catheter can be reduced. And a plurality of adjusting holes are formed to adapt to catheter heads with different thicknesses, so that the application range is wide, and the fixation is proper. By arranging the extension cloth and the wrapping bag, the extension tube can be wrapped, the situation that the gauze is frequently replaced due to looseness is avoided, the workload of medical staff can be reduced, and meanwhile the discomfort of a patient can be relieved. The device is not only suitable for treatment of non-biological artificial liver, but also suitable for treatment occasions related to blood purification such as kidney dialysis and the like.

The utility model discloses an external jugular vein puncture pillow which comprises a base and a headrest. An arc-shaped plate is arranged at the joint of the base and the headrest; the headrest is rotationally arranged on the base, and a non-return rod is arranged on the lower side of the headrest and abuts against the arc-shaped plate. The headrest is rotationally arranged on the base, the arc-shaped plate and the non-return rod are arranged on the base and the headrest respectively, and the non-return rod can be tightly clamped on the upper side of the ratchet of the arc-shaped plate to prevent the headrest from falling after the headrest rotates upwards to adjust the angle, or the non-return rod can be moved outwards when the headrest needs to fall to adjust the angle. And the headrest can rotate downwards, so that the angle of the headrest can be quickly adjusted during puncture.

The utility model relates to a central venous catheter maintenance training teaching aid for blood purification, which comprises a human body model, a central venous catheter, a cover plate, a base and a liquid bottle, the internal jugular vein position and the subclavian vein position of the human body model are respectively provided with a groove with the same shape and size, the base is placed in the groove, and the liquid bottle is arranged in the groove. The base is matched with the groove in shape and size, the lower surface of the cover plate is connected with the base, a liquid bottle filled with red liquid is placed in the base, the central venous catheter penetrates through a central hole of the cover plate and is downwards inserted into the bottom of the liquid bottle, and the central venous catheter is fixedly connected with the cover plate. The training aid can be used by clinical nursing personnel for teaching or usual practice, the technical operation level of the clinical nursing personnel is improved, catheter infection complications are reduced, the hospitalization time is shortened, and the pain and social and economic burden of patients are relieved.

The invention discloses an automatic arteriovenous wave identification system based on a multi-channel neck detector, relates to the technical field of physiological signal detection and processing, utilizes the multi-channel neck detector to obtain large-range neck physiological data, and realizes automatic identification of carotid vein waves and carotid artery waves based on time domain characteristics, frequency domain characteristics and a multi-channel fusion strategy. Natural physiological anatomical differences between channels are utilized, arteriovenous signal differences of different areas are captured, noise interference is stripped, multi-dimensional time domain and frequency domain features are extracted in a combined mode, multi-channel preferential selection is carried out, and essential differences of arteriovenous waves are fully excavated, so that the system can adapt to the complex physiological environment of the neck, individual differences and external interferences; compared with traditional intrusive detection, the method is safer, and compared with single-channel non-intrusive detection, the method is wider in coverage range.

The disclosure relates to devices and methods for the treatment of edema that uses an impeller with a balloon that may be mounted on the impeller housing. The invention provides devices and methods for treatment of edema that use an indwelling catheter with an impeller to lower pressure at an outlet of a lymphatic duct and a balloon on the impeller to guide and to restrict blood flow. The balloon restricts return flow from the jugular and guides that flow into the impeller cage. By funneling the flow into the impeller cage, a rate of flow down the vessel may be increased, resulting in a lateral pressure decrease effecting the lymphatic outlet. Because the lymphatic outlet is subject to a pressure decrease, fluids in the lymphatic system drain to the outlet and into the circulatory system.

The application provides an intelligent oxygen sleep engine method and device based on bioelectric signals, and relates to the technical field of data processing.The method comprises the following steps: collecting carotid artery blood oxygen signals and jugular vein blood oxygen signals corresponding to a user's carotid artery surface projection point, a midpoint of the anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle and a supracleavicular fossa center, respectively; based on the carotid artery blood oxygen signals and the jugular vein blood oxygen signals, taking the carotid artery surface projection point as the center of an ellipse, the midpoint of the anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle and the supracleavicular fossa center as the endpoints of the long axis of the ellipse, adjusting the length of the short axis of the ellipse according to the actual size of the neck region, obtaining an elliptical region of the contour of the neck region, dividing the elliptical region by orthogonal lines inscribed in the ellipse to obtain a plurality of fan-shaped sub-regions. The application realizes targeted perception and fine diffusion oxygen supply of oxygen supply demand.

An apparatus and method of using the apparatus are disclosed for measuring a pressure differential during a transvascular procedure such as a Transjugluarl Intrahepatic Portosystem Shunt (TIPS) procedure, or a Direct Portosystemic Intrahepatic Shunt (DIPS) procedure. The present invention provides a telescoped assembly comprising a first pressure measurement mechanism and a second pressure measurement mechanism to measure a pressure differential between a first pressure located in a first blood vessel and a second pressure located in a second blood vessel, while substantially maintaining the position of the first and second pressure measurement mechanisms, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the liver and surrounding tissues.