The invention provides a method for induced transdifferentiation of somatic cells into neural stem cells, and an application of the neural stem cells, and concretely relates to neural stem cells with high yield, good pluripotency and good passage stability, formed through inducing human fibroblasts, epithelial cells, blood cells, adipocytes and other somatic cells in a normal physiological environment via a reprogramming technology by using microRNA-302, valproic acid, polybrene, epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor. The method utilizes single microRNA to transfer the somatic cells without introducing an exogenous transcription factor, the clone forming time in the invention is much shorter than that in the prior art, and the neural stem cells are hopeful for developing therapeutic methods for drugs for treating degenerative neurological diseases (including spinal cord injury and other lesions), so the neural stem cells have a good clinical application prospect.