The invention discloses a parallel partitioning method and device for post-stack data of an RDD structure, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the post-stack data of the RDD structure, key, Valuegt, Valuegt, Valuegt; forming a pair; respectively determining the number of data blocks, the size of each block, the size of an overlapped part between the blocks and the non-overlapped size of the last block along the Inline and the Crossline; the Inline and the Crossline of a channel gather are obtained from the stacked data, the partition number to which the channel gather belongs is calculated according to the size of each block and the size of the overlapped part between the blocks, and the partition number comprises the partition number of the channel gather in the Iinline direction and the partition number of the channel gather in the Crossline direction; generating a new lt; key, Valuegt, Valuegt, Valuegt; for each channel gather, Key is the partition number of the channel gather, and Value is the channel gather; and performing partition operation based on the Key value of the channel gather to obtain a blocked RDD structure post-stack channel gather. According to the method and the device, the stacked data of the RDD structure can be efficiently partitioned in parallel.