The invention discloses a vaccine for preventing tuberculosis, a combined medicine, a preparation method and an application, and belongs to the field of medicines for treating latent infection of tuberculosis. Aiming at the problems that the existing subunit vaccines are ineffective or poor in treating people with latent tuberculosis infection, many types of adjuvants are used, and there are risks of hypersensitivity reactions and Koch reactions, the present invention provides a prevention method containing a mycobacterial microbial compound adjuvant Tuberculosis vaccine, which comprises Ag85b protein, ESAT6-CFP10 protein and Mycobacterium vaccae cell extract. The tuberculosis prevention vaccine containing the mycobacterial microbial compound adjuvant of the present invention is used for treating latent tuberculosis infection, and the effect is remarkable.