The invention discloses four sets of oligonucleotide sequences for recognition and identification of vibrio anguillarum, and a screening method of the oligonucleotide sequences, and relates to the technical field of recognition detection of vibrio anguillarum. Two ends of each oligonucleotide sequence are fixed sequences, intermediate sequences are arrayed according to the order of 5'-3' as follows: a first set contains two sequences of H1 and H2, a second set contains five sequences of H5, H6, H26, H38 and H33, a third set contains three sequences of H12, H25 and H42, and a fourth set contains a sequence of H28; and any of the oligonucleotide sequences in each set serves as the intermediate sequence of an aptamer to be used for vibrio anguillarum detection. The screening method of the sequences sequentially comprises the steps of random oligonucleotide library synthesis, combination, separation, PCR amplification and high-throughput sequencing which are circulated for 3-5 rounds, andfinally, the target sequences are obtained. The sequence length of the aptamer of the vibrio anguillarum is shortened, and the screening method is quick.