139 results about "Units of information" patented technology

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to conflict handling for conflicts that occur in a peer-to-peer synchronization system, where the ability to correctly and efficiently handle conflicts minimizes data loss while retaining good usability and reduces the need for user intervention during synchronization. Conflict handling in the synchronization service is divided into three stages: (1) conflict detection; (2) automatic conflict resolution and logging; and (3) conflict inspection and resolution. Certain embodiments are directed to a conflict handling schema comprising one or more of the follow conflict handling elements: (a) schematized representation of conflicts; (b) detection of conflicts; (c) logging of conflicts into a durable store; (d) automatic resolution of conflicts according to a flexible and configurable azqsxqxwdconflict resolution policy; (e) composable and extensible conflict handlers to filter and resolve conflicts; (f) automatic detection and removal of obsolete conflicts; and (g) programmatic conflict resolutions.

An information interface and method for finding, collecting and acting upon information which has been arranged in hierarchical form. In its best mode of implementation, the interface has a display area with four components: a content area for showing units of information at a particular level in a hierarchy, a context area for showing the information node which is parent to the displayed level of units, an identity area for showing the sequence of such parents in the user's navigation history through the information relative to the currently displayed level, and a desire area for the user to collect and act upon desired units of information. The method of the invention provides two functions: one for clarification, for navigating the hierarchy of information, moving forward and backward through the nodes and branches; and a second for memorization, for collecting desired units of information and then acting upon them. The invention further provides for partition of a displayed level into sections no larger than the number of sub-areas in the content area, thereby accommodating levels larger than the number of content sub-areas provided for the display device.

An information code product (101) comprising a body (105) having a code-including image (104) formed thereon which includes at least one unit of information codes (103) with one or more specific color, wherein the unit of information codes is adapted to be obtained by extracting an image with the specific color from the code-including image. A user is authenticated by an authentication system (301) which comprises an authentication terminal (302) for reading data included in the product (101) and an authentication server (303) which is interconnected to the authentication terminal through a network (304).

Techniques for forming electronic documents include storing a plurality of information types for describing how information is used. Also, a plurality of document types is stored. Each document type includes a unique set of information types. A plurality of units of information is also stored. Each unit of information is associated with an information type. A document is produced based on a particular document type having a particular set of information types, and based on a first set of units of information. Each unit of information of the first set is associated with a corresponding information type in the particular set of information types. This invention allows content to be associated with a particular use, through the information type, so that the content can be incorporated in all documents where such usage is desired. This invention also allows the enterprise to control the method of generating and presenting a particular content or information object based on its use and its temporal data, e.g., how often it is refreshed. Such control is employed in predictive caching technologies. Further, the system can allow and reference which documents or info types point to other documents or info types, thereby enabling the system to replace all affected objects and pointers when changes occur, and facilitating caching all objects that are affected by a change.

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method, in a computer system, for a hardware/software interface system to manipulate a plurality of discrete units of information having properties understandable by said hardware/software interface system (“Items”). The method uses a base schema comprising at least one of an Item as a base Item from which all other Items are derived, and at least one of a property as a base property from which all other properties are derived. Furthermore, an Item may comprise a property for referencing Categories to which the Item is a member. The Item may also comprises a property for a unique identification of that Item in the hardware/software interface system.

A storage device equipped with NAND flash memory and method for storing information thereof includes a SLC processing structure to provide fast information access and improve processing performance and a MLC processing structure to increase data density of each storage unit and reduce the cost and size of each unit of information. The data storing method includes storing important information such as operating system programs, application programs and information that have been accessed frequently in the SLC processing structure, and storing ordinary information in the MLC processing structure to reduce the cost and size of each unit of information.

A transmitter includes: a data modulation and channel coding unit configured to perform data modulation and channel coding for a data channel with a modulation level and a channel coding rate updated for each transmission time interval; a multiplexing unit configured to multiplex a control channel and the data channel for each transmission time interval; and an adjusting means configured to adjust a length of the transmission time interval. Increasing a unit of information transmission in the time direction and/or the frequency direction depending on communication conditions can reduce a frequency of inserting (allocating) the control channel, and can improve data transmission efficiency.

A Computer Managed Learning System (CMLS) and process are provided by which an information database is produced by formatting the information to be learned into units; inputting the units of information into a computer system; storing the units of information in discrete locations on a storage media; and, assigning to each unit an Importance Rank, a provisional Individualized Difficulty Rank (IDR), a provisional Individualized Urgency Rank (IUR), a provisional Population Difficulty Rank (PDR) and a provisional Population Urgency Rank (PUR), which are also stored in discrete locations on storage media. When a student accesses the database, the student may elect to filter the units by specifying subject matter and/or ranges for IDR, Importance-rank and IUR, or combinations or permutations thereof. The system selects the appropriate units from the database according to the filtering criteria input by the student. The selected units are sorted into random order by the system and then displayed in that order by an output device. The student responds to the information displayed, a determination is made as to whether the student's response was satisfactory, and the system re-calculates the IDR, PDR, IUR and PUR values of the unit according to whether or not the student's response was satisfactory. The new IDR, PDR, IUR and PUR values are stored in their respective locations on the storage media to be used for subsequent filtering and tagging procedures, and the process is repeated as necessary until the required level of learning has been achieved.

Text is extracted from and information resource such as documents, emails, relational database tables and other digitized information sources. The extracted text is processed using a decomposition function to create. Nodes are a particular data structure that stores elemental units of information. The nodes can convey meaning because they relate a subject term or phrase to an attribute term or phrase. Removed from the node data structure, the node contents are or can become a text fragment which conveys meaning, i.e., a note. The notes generated from each digital resource are associated with the digital resource from which they are captured. The notes are then stored, organized and presented in several ways which facilitate knowledge acquisition and utilization by a user.

The invention relates to method and apparatus for controlling a graphics engine, the graphics engine being suitable for creating graphics in a broadcast system. The apparatus generates a user interface allowing a user to control a graphics engine. The apparatus has a first input for receiving at least one template data element, the template data element including a graphics component and a data field component suitable for receiving an information unit. The apparatus further comprises a second input coupled to an information unit source. A processing unit coupled to the first input and second input processes the template data element and the information unit source to enter in the data field component is selected information unit to form a representation of a graphics page that results from a combination of the template data element and the selected information unit. The processing unit then generates a set of commands based on the representation of the graphics page, the set of commands being executable by the graphics engine to create an on-air graphics page in the television broadcast system. This invention is particularly useful in television broadcast systems and Internet broadcast systems. The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium containing a program element for implementing the apparatus for controlling a graphics engine.

A method of searching a search space comprising a plurality of pages in response to a query comprising a plurality of keywords includes identifying at least one information unit. Where a query includes exactly two keywords, an information unit comprises one page which contains both keywords in the query or two pages selected from the search space such that the first page in the information unit contains the first keyword in the query and the second page in the information unit contains the second keyword in the query; where an information unit contains two pages, one page is linked, directly or indirectly, to the other page. Relaxed query processing techniques enable the method to identify information units which do not contain every keyword in the query, which have only semantically similar words or synonyms, and which have keywords of differing relative importance. The method is adapted to report the identified information units and to accommodate altered queries provided as a result of a report.

By modeling real-world application objects with complex structures, behaviors, and operations described by a schema which is enforced by the hardware/software interface system, various embodiments of the present invention provide rich sub-typing functionality by extending Items (and Item types) using “Extensions” which provide additional data structures (Properties, Relationships, etc.) to already existing Items type structures. Extensions are strongly typed instances that cannot exist independently and must be attached to an Item or a Nested Element. Extensions are also intended to address “multi-typing” issues by enabling the overlap of type instances (e.g., a Document may be a “legal document” as well a “secure document”).

In various embodiments of the present invention, a customizable, tag-based message is a unit of information transmitted electronically from one device to another that may contain one or more references to one or more pieces of information without the need for these pieces of information to be embedded in the customizable, tag-based message. The customizable, tag-based message can comply with any suitable protocol. One suitable protocol includes a customizable, tag-based protocol, such as SOAP, but other protocols can be used.

A logical directory ranking system ranks documents or web pages utilizing logical directories. From the hierarchical structure represented in a URL string, URLs can often be grouped into “compound documents” that represent a single unit of information. Such compound documents tend to comprise URLs that agree up to a last delimiter such as a forward slash (/). The present system groups together compound documents as a single information node with one or more leaves, constructing a logical directory graph. URLs can be grouped at a level of granularity below an individual directory. For example, the URLs may be grouped together on the basis of hostname, domain, or any level of the hierarchy of the URLs. Edges in the logical directory graph are formed by links between the logical directories. Edges have weights corresponding to the number of links between logical directories. Nodes have weights corresponding to the number of web pages or leaves represented by a node. A ranking level is determined for each node as a function of the node weight and the edge weight. The ranking level is then applied to each URL that the node represents.

A system and method for determining an information communication path based on energy requirements. Various aspects of the present invention provide a method that comprises identifying a plurality of information communication paths that may be utilized to communicate information (e.g., one or more units of information). A communication path identification module may perform such identification. Respective amounts of energy to communicate the information may be estimated for at least a portion of the identified plurality of information communication paths. A communication energy estimation module may perform such estimation. An information communication path may be selected from the identified plurality of information communication paths based, at least in part, on the estimated respective amounts of energy. A communication path selection module may perform such selection.

A user selectable evaluation indicia associated with a displayed unit of information within an application is provided. Responsive to a user interaction with the evaluation indicia, an evaluation opportunity is presented to the user. At least a portion of a user's activities comprising the user participation is transformed, responsive to the user's participation with the evaluation opportunity, into search framework metadata for the unit of information. The search framework metadata may facilitate ranking search results comprising the unit of information.

The method identifies a Pixon element, which is a fundamental and indivisible unit of information, and a Pixon basis, which is the set of possible functions from which the Pixon elements are selected. The actual Pixon elements selected from this basis during the reconstruction process represents the smallest number of such units required to fit the data and representing the minimum number of parameters necessary to specify the image. The Pixon kernels can have arbitrary properties (e.g., shape, size, and/or position) as needed to best fit the data.