The technology described herein relates to
radio frequency components based on
phase change materials (e.g., chalcogenides) that can be used in unit cells of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. A tunable device for reconfigurable operation is described, where the phase shift of each unit
cell of a reconfigurable intelligent surface is changed by rotating the conductive state of the
phase change material. The
angle of rotation can be selectively controlled by heating elements that change the portion of the unit
cell that is in a lower resistance state relative to its higher resistance state, resulting in a phase shift of the unit
cell with respect to a redirected electromagnetic wave. By arranging heating elements underneath the material and appropriately actuating each
heating element to change the otherwise locked-in resistance or conductive state within the entire unit cell surface, an analog-like device operation is achieved, providing finer
phase shift control for the cells of the reconfigurable intelligent surface.