The invention relates to the technical field of water-based antirust agents, in particular to an environment-friendly quick-drying water-based antirust agent and a preparation method thereof. The antirust agent comprises the following components of, in parts by weight, 170-220 parts of sodium silicate, 35-50 parts of deionized water, 9-14 parts of rust remover, 5-8 parts of sodium phosphate powder, 4-6 parts of straight iron wires, 1-2 parts of triethanolamine, 2-4 parts of boric acid, 0.1-0.3 part of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and 0.7-1.1 parts of sodium tungstate; and before the antirust agent is smeared on a metal surface prone to be rusted, rust on the metal surface needs to be treated, so that the field operation is inconvenient. According to the antirust agent, pre-smeared glue, combined liquid and film-forming particles in the water-based antirust agent are matched with each other, the metal rust attached in a pre-smeared glue smearing process is separated through the combined liquid, then under the heating effect of dissolving of the sodium phosphate powder in the film-forming particles, the rust dissolved in the sodium silicate is separated out under the action of gravity, and therefore, the rust removing operation required before the antirust agent is smeared is avoided, and the use effect of the environment-friendly quick-drying water-based antirust agent is improved.