The invention discloses a device for winding an aluminum armor tape on a transmission line and an application method of the device. The device comprises a support block, a pressing down block, a tape reel and a connection pin shaft, the pressing down block is matched with the support block to lock the transmission line, and the support block is parallel to two lateral sides of the pressing down block. A concave block is arranged at the front end of the support block, a hollow clamping plate is arranged in the middle of the support block, and a handrail block is arranged at the rear end of the support block. A first cuboid block is arranged at front end of the pressing down block, an arc block is arranged in the middle of the pressing down block, and a second cuboid block matched with the clamping plate in shape is arranged at the rear end of the pressing down block. An aluminum armor tape groove is formed in the tape wheel, an aluminum armor tape fixing device is arranged on the inner wall of the aluminum armor tape groove, a through hole corresponding to through holes in the clamping plate is formed in a tape wheel axle, and round projections centering on the center of the tape wheel are arranged on one side, adjacent to the clamping plate, of the tape wheel. The connection pin shaft fixes one side of the clamping plate, the second cuboid block, the other side of the clamping plate and the tape wheel sequentially via the through hole in one side of the clamping plate, a through hole in the second cuboid block, the through hole in the other side of the clamping block and the through hole in the tape wheel.