The invention belongs to the technical field of dangerous goods transportation safety detection and discloses a dangerous goods transportation safety detection method and a system thereof. The systemcomprises a video monitoring module, a temperature detection module, a pressure detection module, a central control module, a wireless communication module, a positioning module, an environment identification module, an alarm module, a fire extinguishing module and a storage module. On the basis of detecting the shape of the dangerous goods itself and surrounding environment requirements by the environment identification module, surrounding environment factors which affect the safety of the dangerous goods are detected; then, according to the shape of the dangerous goods itself and the surrounding environment requirements and the surrounding environment factors which affect the safety of the dangerous goods, the safety level of the dangerous goods surrounding environment is compared and judged, the surrounding environment in the case of dangerous goods transportation is recognized, the environment surrounding the dangerous goods can be effectively identified, and guarantee is providedfor safety transportation of the dangerous goods; and through the alarm module and the fire extinguishing module, quick fire extinguishing can be carried out, and accident losses are reduced.