The present invention provides a device for detecting the positions of bolt mounting holes, which is used for detecting the correctness of positions of the bolt mounting holes distributed on curved faces of two parts assembled by bolts. The device comprises a curved plate, wherein the curved plate is consistent with the space curved face of the distribution positions of the bolt mounting holes on the parts; a position on a concave surface of the curved plate, which corresponds to at least one bolt mounting hole, is provided with a fixed end cone; positions on the concave surface, which correspond to the rest of bolt mounting holes on the part, are provided with via holes correspondingly one by one and also provided with movable end cones matched with the via holes one by one; the aperture of the via holes is larger than that of the fixed end cone, and the size of the fixed end cone and the movable end cones is equivalent to the size of the bolts for connecting the two parts. The invention can conveniently detect the positions of the bolt mounting holes on the assembled parts with curved space structures, and has the advantages of reasonable design, simple technology, easy manufacture, convenient use, and the like.