The invention relates to a color image reconstruction method based on a tensor enhancement technology of a local data block, which comprises the following steps: 1, dividing a to-be-reconstructed image into local data blocks, carrying out structured addressing by taking the local data blocks as tensor enhancement units, converting the to-be-reconstructed image from three-dimensional data into high-dimensional data, and obtaining a high-order tensor; 2 reconstructing the high-order tensor by using a tensor chain nuclear norm minimization model to obtain a reconstructed tensor; and 3 carrying out inverse operation of the step 2 on the reconstructed tensor according to an index position to obtain a converted image, calculating the gray value of each pixel point of the converted image, and restoring the size of the converted image to the original size of the to-be-reconstructed image to complete the reconstruction of the color image. According to the method, a local data block is used as a tensor enhancement unit for structured addressing, the local data block is used as a whole for operation, the complete structure of the local data is reserved, and artifact blocks caused by thorough disruption of the data structure on a reconstructed image are reduced.