The invention discloses a class of triplet-state intersystem crossing cyanine dyes, a preparation method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency triplet photosensitizers, and discloses a class of pentamethylcyanine dyes which do not depend on heavy atoms and have high-efficiency intersystem crossing, wherein the dyes have a good application prospect in the fields of photocatalysis, photodynamic therapy and phosphorescence imaging. According to the triplet dye, active groups with rich compatible types and groups with large steric hindrance are constructed on a pentamethylcyanine dye matrix, so that non-radiative transition is limited, and the singlet-triplet energy level difference is smaller. The molecule can stably exist in most of organic solvents, solid states and aqueous solutions, and has excellent active oxygen generation capacity in salt ions, visible light, protein and cells. The molecules can absorb near-infrared light to reach a triplet state, so that electron energy, phosphorescence signals and active oxygen are generated by utilizing the triplet state.