The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for sensing multiple channels, including steps that a base station BS divides customer premises equipment CPE into different physical clusters according to the physical position information of the CPE contained in the system; the physical clusters divided by the BS allocate a plurality of working channels supported by physical clusters to the BS, allocate quiet period QP to the working channels, allocate sensing tasks to the CPE; according to QP allocated by the BS, the CPE executes the sensing tasks allocated by the BS, and sends sensing results to the BS. The embodiment of the invention also discloses a cognitive radio system, the BS and the customer premises equipment CPE. The channel resources and sensing tasks can be allocated equitablely according to the physical position information of the CPE in the system by utilizing the method, the system, the BS and the CPE provided by the embodiment of the invention.