The invention relates to a data-driven urban bus line health diagnosis method, belonging to the field of intelligent transportation technology. Through the data-driven, the urban bus line health diagnosis method is established. The method comprises (1) data acquisition (2) data preprocessing (3) evaluation of bus line health index (4) construction of bus line service knowledge base (5) cause diagnosis of unhealthy lines. At the same time, considering the passenger service and operation cost, the technical scheme establishes the evaluation method of bus line health indexes, through massive datamining, establishes the relationship between the individual and comprehensive health index and the objective elements of the line, road, intersection, passenger and other related to the line operation, and constructs the knowledge base of bus line service. Based on the knowledge base, the unhealthy line can be diagnosed. If the diagnosis fails, the expert diagnostic method can be further used. Atthe same time, the knowledge base can be updated to form a closed loop, which can self-improve the line health index evaluation and health diagnosis process.