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Federated learning method and device based on block chain

The invention discloses a federated learning method and device based on a block chain. The method comprises the steps: determining the block chain; enabling the coordinator node to create a federatedlearning task according to the model original data sent by each participant node; receiving training data obtained by local training of the participant nodes; sending the to-be-updated parameters to other participant nodes according to the training data, so as to enable the other participant nodes to update own model parameters according to the to-be-updated parameters; and after model training iscompleted, issuing reward resources according to training data provided by each participant node in the training process, and writing rewards into the block chain. Compared with a traditional mode, the mutual trust problem of all parties is effectively solved; all parties participating in federated learning negotiate together to generate a coordinator node, so that the transparency of the processis improved; federated learning whole-process data is recorded in a block chain, so that the traceability of data operation is ensured; all parties are encouraged to actively participate through rewarding resources, and the enthusiasm of participants is improved.
Owner:INSPUR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RES INST CO LTD SHANDONG CHINA

Apparatus and methods for low temperature small angle x-ray scattering

Apparatus and methods for performing small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at low (cryogenic) temperatures for determining the structure of and changes in the structure of proteins, DNA, RNA, and other biological molecules and biomolecular assemblies and structures. A cryogenic, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) application sample holder, includes a sample cell including a base portion and at least two parallel walls disposed on the base, wherein the sample cell has a liquid volume capacity defined by the walls and the base portion of 0.001 to 10 microliters. A method for performing cryogenic SAXS on a sample includes the steps of providing a sample biomolecule solution containing an aqueous buffer, a biomolecule, and a cryoprotectant agent, wherein the cryoprotectant agent comprises up to 60% (w/w) of the biomolecule solution, and other known components as necessary to solubilize and stabilize the biomolecule, in a sample holder of claim 1 or 18, cryogenically cooling the sample solution in the sample holder at a rate equal to or greater than 100 K/sec without ice formation, and examining the cooled sample using small angle X-ray scattering by passing a beam of X-rays through the sample.
Owner:CORNELL UNIVERSITY
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