The invention discloses a high-resolution video image compression transmission method and system based on an FPGA. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a video data stream and sending the video data stream to the FPGA; obtaining a YCbCr4:4:4 format through color gamut conversion, circularly writing into 16 video row cache RAMs, dividing eight RAMs into one group and two groups, andafter each group of RAMs is written, sequentially reading data from left to right and reading eight columns each time to form an 8X8 image data block until the whole group of data is completely read;performing DCT transform, ZIGZAG scanning, quantification, RLE run length coding and Huffman coding sequentially on the 8*8 image data blocks until all the 8 rows of data are processed according to the 8*8 image data blocks, and if the number of points of the last block is smaller than 8 pixels, performing corresponding complementation; and completing compression until the processing of the wholeframe of image is finished. The system comprises an FPGA, and the FPGA comprises video data stream input, write RAM control, a video cache RAM, 8*8 block generation, DCT, ZIGZAG scanning, quantification, RLE run length coding, Huffman coding and the like. The high-resolution video image compression is realized by only using the single FPGA, so that the data volume is greatly reduced.