The invention belongs to the technical field of transformers. The invention especially relates to an outdoor transformer temperature control system based on a single-chip microcomputer. Aiming at theproblem that temperature control is inconvenient, the scheme is provided: the system comprises a bottom plate, supporting columns are arranged at the four corners of the outer wall of the top of the bottom plate, inclined plates are arranged on the outer walls of the tops of the supporting columns, rain baffles are arranged on the outer walls of the tops of the inclined plates, connecting plates are arranged on the outer walls of one sides of the supporting columns, and temperature sensors are arranged on the outer walls of one sides of the connecting plates. According to the invention, the temperature sensors, a fixing rod, a fixing plate, a second cooling fan, a first cooling fan, a semiconductor heating sheet and a semiconductor refrigerating sheet are arranged, the temperature sensorsdetect the temperature value around the device, if the detected temperature is higher than the temperature, the processor can act on the first cooling fan and the semiconductor chilling plate, the first cooling fan is of an inclined structure, cold air generated by the semiconductor chilling plate can be blown upwards, and heat generated by the transformer body is exhausted upwards.